NEET Chemistry Syllabus (Latest)
Covalent bond
(Alkali and Alkaline earth metals)
Chapter-wise – NEET Chemistry syllabus 2023 Class 11
Unit 1 – Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry General Introduction: Importance, scope of chemistry Laws of chemical combination and Dalton’s atomic theory: Concepts of atoms, molecules, and Elements Atomic and molecular masses: Concept of Mole, Concept of molar mass, percentage composition, empirical formula, molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, calculations based on stoichiometry.
Unit 2 – Structure of Atom Atomic number, isotopes, isobars: Concept of shells, concept of subshells, dual nature of matter and light, relationship of de Broglie’s law, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, concept of orbital, rules for filling electrons in orbitals- Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principles, Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled, stability of completely filled orbitals
Unit 3 – Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Modern periodic law, long form of periodic table, periodic trends in the properties of elements atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence
Unit 4 – Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Valence electrons, covalent bond, ionic bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, valence bond theory, polar character of covalent bond, resonance of molecules, geometry of molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules, Hydrogen bond.
Unit 5 – States of Matter: Gases and Liquids Three states of matter: types of bonding, melting points, boiling points, intermolecular interactions, role of gas laws in the concept of the molecule, Boyle’s law, Gay Lussac’s law, Charle’s law, Avogadro’s law, ideal behaviour of gases, empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro number, ideal gas equation, Kinetic energy, molecular speeds, deviation of ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature Liquid State: Vapour pressure, viscosity, surface tension
Unit 6 – Thermodynamics First law of thermodynamics: Internal energy, enthalpy, measurement of U and H, heat capacity, specific heat, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, enthalpy of combustion, enthalpy of formation, enthalpy of atomization, enthalpy of sublimation, enthalpy of phase transition, enthalpy of ionization, enthalpy of solution, enthalpy of dilution. Introduction of entropy: Second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous, non-spontaneous process, criteria for equilibrium and criteria for spontaneity. Third law of thermodynamics: Brief introduction
Unit – 7 Equilibrium Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant Factors affecting equilibrium: Le Chatelier’s principle, ionic equilibrium, ionization of acids and bases, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, strong and weak electrolytes, acid strength, concept of pH Hydrolysis of salts: Buffer solutions, Henderson equation, solubility product, common ion effect
Unit 8 – Redox Reactions Concept of oxidation and oxidation and reduction: Redox reactions oxidation number, Balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electrons, Change in oxidation numbers
Unit 9 – Hydrogen Occurrence of hydrogen, isotopes of hydrogen, preparation of hydrogen, properties of hydrogen, uses of hydrogen, hydrides ionic, covalent and interstitial, physical properties of water, chemical properties of water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, uses and its structure
Unit 10 – s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals) Group I and group 2 elements: Introduction, Electronic Configuration of the first element of each group, occurrence of the first element of each group, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of properties, trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses Preparation and Properties of Some important Compounds: Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate, biological importance of sodium, biological importance of potassium Industrial use of lime and limestone: Biological Importance of Mg and Ca
Unit 11 – Some p-Block Elements Introduction to p-Block Elements Group 13 elements: Introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, variation of properties, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group, Boron Some important compounds: Borax, Boric Acids, Boron Hydrides Aluminium: Uses, Reactions with acids and alkalis. General 14 elements: Introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first element, variation of properties Carbon: allotropic forms, physical properties, chemical properties, uses of some important compounds, oxides Compounds of silicon: uses, silicon tetrachloride, silicones, silicates and zeolites, their uses
Unit 12 – Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques Organic Chemistry: Introduction, methods of purification, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, classification of organic compounds, IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, hyperconjugation Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radials, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles, nucleophiles, types of organic reactions
Unit 13 – Hydrocarbons Alkanes: Nomenclature, conformations, isomerism, physical properties, chemical reactions, combustion and pyrolysis, Alkenes: Nomenclature, structure of double bond, geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides, Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect, ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition Alkynes: Nomenclature, structure of triple bond, physical properties, methods of preparation, acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water. Aromatic hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, Benzene, resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties, mechanism of electrophilic substitution, Nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Crafts alkylation, Friedel Crafts acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and toxicity
Unit 14 – Environmental Chemistry Environmental pollution: Air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, chemical reactions in smogs, major atmospheric pollutants, acid rain ozone, reactions of acid rain ozone, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect, global warming pollution, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution
Chapter-wise – NEET Chemistry Syllabus 2023 Class 12
Unit 1 – Solid State Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids, unit cell in two dimensional,unit cell in three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators
Unit 2 – Solutions Types of solutions: expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions Colligative Properties: relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass. Van Hoff factor
Unit 3 – Electrochemistry
Redox Reactions: conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific conductivity variation of conductivity with concentration, molar conductivity variation of conductivity with concentration, kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis, Laws of electrolysis, dry cell-electrolytic cells, Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Relation between Gibbs energy change, EMF of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion
Unit 4 – Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a reaction, factors affecting rates of reaction, concentration, temperature, catalyst, order, molecularity of a reaction, rate law, specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half life, concept of collision theory, Activation energy, Arrhenious equation
Unit 5 – Surface Chemistry Adsorption: physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis homogeneous and heterogeneous Activity and Selectivity: enzyme catalysis, colloidal state, distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions, lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular, macromolecular colloids, properties of colloids, Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsions, types of emulsions
Unit 6 – General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
Principles and methods of extraction: concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method, occurrence of aluminium, principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc, iron
Unit 7 – p- Block Elements Group 15 elements: Introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, oxidation states, preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen, Phosphorous, allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus, preparation of phosphine, properties of phosphine, halides (PCI3, PCI5) and oxoacids Group 16 elements: Introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen, preparation, properties and uses, classification of oxides, ozone, Sulphur, allotropic forms, compounds of sulphur, preparation, preparation, properties of sulphur dioxide, uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid, industrial process of manufacture of sulphuric acid, properties of sulphuric acid, uses of sulphuric acid, oxoacids of sulphur Group 17 elements: Introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, compounds of halogens, preparation, properties of chlorine, uses of chlorine, hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds oxoacids of halogens Group 18 elements: Introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses
Unit 8 – d and f Block Elements Introduction, electronic configuration, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals, metallic character, characteristics of transition metals, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 Lanthanide: electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanide contraction, its consequences Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states, comparison with lanthanide
Unit 9 – Coordination Compounds
Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, isomerism bonding, Werner’s theory VBT, CFT, importance of coordination compounds
Unit 10 – Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C –X bond, physical properties, chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, Optical rotation Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions, Uses and environment effects of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT
Unit 11 – Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical properties, identification of primary alcohols, identification of secondary alcohols and identification of tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical properties, uses
Unit 12 – Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical properties, nature of carbonyl group, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical properties, uses
Unit 13 – Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Amines: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, classification, structure, physical properties, chemical properties, uses, identification of primary secondary and tertiary amines Cyanides and Isocyanides: mentioned at relevant places Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions, importance in synthetic organic chemistry
Unit 14 – Biomolecules Carbohydrates: Classification, monosaccharide, DL configuration, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, importance Proteins: Elementary idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure, denaturation of proteins, enzymes Hormones: Elementary idea Vitamins: Classification and function Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
Unit 15 – Polymers Classification: Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization, copolymerization Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polyesters, bakelite, rubber, Biodegradable polymers, non-biodegradable polymers
Unit 16 – Chemistry in Everyday Life Chemicals in medicines: analgesics, tranquillisers, antiseptics, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antacids, antihistamines Chemicals in food: preservatives, elementary ideas of antioxidants, artificial sweetening agents Cleansing agents: soaps and detergents, cleansing action
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