1. There are at least four major classes of public expenditures included in the budget. Which of the following tends to be the largest class of public expenditures?

2. Which of the following statements is the most relevant criticism of the zero-based budgeting approach?

3. The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA), an organization that advances the practice of public administration, and the US Office of Government Ethics each have drafted a Code of Ethics. Which of the following practices do the two codes share?

4. You are part of a team interviewing a prospective new employee for a position in your unit. In response to a question, the interviewee shares that he 'really enjoys meeting new people and wants to make a difference in peoples' lives.' You believe his greatest motivation will be which of the following?

5. Complete the following sentence. Prior to the Civil War, the Constitution focused primarily on establishing the limitations of the federal government. Passage of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments immediately after the Civil War shifted the focus in the balance of power to:

6. The presence of unions and collective bargaining units has receded in many sectors over the past decade but are pretty prominent for public employees. Which of the following statements regarding collective bargaining between management and labor in a bilateral decision-making process is false?

7. Agencies take different approaches to strategic planning, but some of the most universal features of the planning process include which of the following?

8. Complete the following sentence. The scope of public administration has changed over the years to take into account:

9. Issues associated with bureaucratic behavior and competence came to the forefront at the start of the dual federalism phase of intergovernmental relations. Important policy shifts happened that underscored the level of competition present in the system. Which of the following exemplified the competitive nature of this phase?
I. The need for program accomplishments, effective service delivery systems and citizen access.
II. Elimination/reduction in state program funding in favor of expanded federal funding for local programs.
III. Tension between policy generalists and the program-professional-specialists.
IV. Expanded regulatory restrictions governing federally assisted state and local programs

10. Congress passed legislation in 1993 amending the Hatch Act of 1939 to permit federal employees to take part in partisan political campaigns. As a result, public employees may participate in which of the following partisan activities?

11. The prevailing view of public administration divides its scope into two parts, administrative theory and applied administration. Which of the following is a part of the administrative theory point of view?

12. Which of the following revenue sources accounts for the smallest contribution to local government coffers?

13. Review the chart below, and answer the question that follows.
Based on the SWOT analysis below, as a manager, how might you capitalize on the opportunity to 'identify/tap into staff hidden strengths'?

14. Fill in the blank. Several arbitrators influence how public finances are ultimately dispersed. The public has designated _______ to determine how public money should be spent.

15. Which of the following premises does not support the argument that the federal budget is a political instrument?

16. Complete the following sentence. Public administration is the most significant component of the government machinery of the state and can be defined as:

17. Complete the following sentence. Federalism in the US has taken on many forms throughout the nation's history. Under the Johnson, Nixon, and Bush administrations, federalism trended toward centralized relations among federal, state, and local governments. Under the Obama administration, federalism has advanced primarily in the form of:

18. State governments traditionally raise funds from many sources. Which of the following revenue sources is outside the scope of the state government's operations?

19. Complete the following sentence with a logical clause. In the American political system, the advantages of federalism include:

20. In his article, 'The Pillars of Public Program Evaluation,' author George F. Grob offered professional insight and advice for administrators and decision makers seeking to make evaluation a standard part of program management. His recommendations included which of the following?

21. Complete the following sentence. The Cooper model of ethical decision-making provides specific steps to follow in reaching a decision. In this model, 'defining the issue' is described as being the most misinterpreted step. This step is about:

22. Over the years, there have been many attempts to reform the federal budget. Which of the following reflects the most recent effort in this regard?

23. There are two general categories of spending in the US federal budget: discretionary and mandatory. Which of the following line items falls into the category of discretionary?

24. Theory Y asserts that people have a natural desire to learn and working allows people to challenge themselves and further develop as human beings. According to this theory, managers should do which of the following?

25. Complete the following sentence. Experts define the expectancy theory of motivation in terms of: