Issues associated with bureaucratic behavior and competence came to the forefront at the start of the dual federalism phase of intergovernmental relations. Important policy shifts happened that underscored the level of competition present in the system. Which of the following exemplified the competitive nature of this phase?I. The need for program accomplishments, effective service delivery systems and citizen access.II. Elimination/reduction in state program funding in favor of expanded federal funding for local programs.III. Tension between policy generalists and the program-professional-specialists.IV. Expanded regulatory restrictions governing federally assisted state and local programs

MCQs on historical roots, theorists, and practical applications of public administration. Topics include: Classic and contemporary theories/theorists across the various sub-disciplines including but not limited to human resources, organizational theory and behavior, performance management, and equity and inclusion. Also how public administration as a science and art has evolved since 1887.