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Cabin pressurization is a process that involves pumping conditioned air into and out of an aircraft's cabin. The goal is to create a safe and comfortable environment for humans flying at high altitudes.
Here's how cabin pressurization works: Ambient air is introduced into a compressor, usually the airplane's engine. Pressurized air from the engine compressors is continuously supplied to the cabin. The cabin pressure is controlled by outflow valves, which are automatically controlled to maintain cabin pressure. Cabin pressure is kept between sea level and 8,000 feet.
Cabin pressurization means that the air pressure in the cabin space is equivalent to that at a lower altitude. This means that the oxygen concentration in the air is the same as when the passenger is on the ground.
According to FAA regulations, there should be 0.55 lbs/min of fresh air per person while flying.
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