Fast review mode: answers are shown by default so you can skim quickly. Hide them if you want to self-test.
Topics include: Cell Signaling Systems, G-protein Receptors, Protein Phosphorylation, Calcium Role, Pathways Crosstalk, NO Role, & Apoptosis.
Cell signaling, also known as signal transduction, is the transmission of molecular signals from the outside of a cell to its interior. This process is initiated by cell-surface receptors.
Signaling can control cell growth, movement, and metabolism. A signal transduction cascade is a series of chemical reactions that occurs inside the cell after a stimulus starts it. Signal transduction pathways amplify the entering signal through signaling cascade systems. These systems use different enzymes that act upon each other to generate a suitable response by the cell. Cell signaling ligands interact with proteins in or on target cells. The proteins that respond to ligands are also called receptors. Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell to trigger physiological changes. These changes include proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and apoptosis.
Join 4M+ learners. Unlock unlimited quizzes, wrong-answer tracking, flashcards + reminders, study guides, and 1-on-1 challenges.