Genetic Engineering Practice Test: Modifications and Mutagenesis — Flashcards

Modifications and Mutagenesis topics include: Insertions and deletions, mutagenesis without pcr, cre lox excision and gene disruption.

Mutagenesis is a process that changes an organism's genetic information by producing a mutation. It can occur naturally, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. Mutagenesis can also be achieved in a laboratory. 

Here are some differences between mutagenesis and genetic modification:
Precision: Mutagenesis is less precise than genetic modification.
Process: In mutagenesis, plants are exposed to radiation or toxic chemicals to scramble their genes and produce new traits. In genetic modification, scientists take a gene.
Application: Agricultural companies often use mutagenesis to develop new strains when countries ban genetically modified crops. 

Here are some other ways that scientists can modify the genetic structure of crops and organisms:
Selective breeding: Two strains of crops or organisms are bred to produce offspring with a specific feature.
RNA interference: Genes that cause undesired traits are silenced.
Transgenics: A gene is taken from one species and implanted into the receiving crop or organism. 

In July 2018, the European Court of Justice ruled that organisms obtained by directed mutagenesis techniques are to be regarded as genetically modified organisms (GMOs).