Hydraulic Machines Practice Test: Kaplan Turbine — Flashcards

Kaplan Turbine topics include: Kaplan turbine velocity diagrams, kaplan turbine work and efficiency.

The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine that generates electricity from flowing water. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan. 

Kaplan turbines are used for power generation and are generally efficient over a range of flow rates. They are used for low head and high flow conditions and are suitable for low-pressure hydropower projects. 

Here are some characteristics of Kaplan turbines:
Axial-flow turbines: The direction of flow does not vary while crossing the rotor.
Variable pitch vanes and adjustable runner blades: The adjustable runner blades allow the turbine to work smoothly at vortices and shocks during partial load conditions.
Inward flow reaction turbine: The working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy.
Overpressure turbines: The water pressure decreases as it moves through the turbine.
Double regulation system: Provides high efficiency over a wide range of configurations.
Fish-friendly structure: Improves the survival rate of migrating species.
Water-lubricated bearings and water-filled hubs: Prevent water pollution. 
 

Kaplan turbines have 3 to 6 blades, depending on the type and head. They have efficiencies of up to 93%. 

Some advantages of Kaplan turbines include:
Works more efficiently with a low water head and high flow rates
Smaller in size and easier to construct
High efficiency
Can be designed for any site to operate with an efficiency of above 90%
Low maintenance 

Some disadvantages of Kaplan turbines include:
The shaft inside the turbine can only be positioned vertically
Cannot function with a low flow rate
Cavitation 

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