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Emergency medical services (EMS) first aid for spinal trauma includes: Keeping the head in line with the neck Preventing twisting the head Maintaining an open airway Applying a cervical collar Securing the stretcher Minimizing movement
Spinal motion restriction (SMR) is a technique used by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to limit the movement of a patient's spine, especially when the patient may have sustained a spine injury. SMR involves stabilizing the head, neck, torso, and pelvis to protect the spinal cord from movement of potentially fractured or unstable bone elements. This technique includes using cervical collars, gurneys, and other commercial devices to limit the movement of patients with potential spine injuries.
SMR is used in cases of trauma when certain criteria are met, such as when the patient's GCS is less than 15. EMTs should apply or direct application of SMR when the extent of injury is in question or the patient's history is unreliable. The goal of SMR is to limit the spine's lateral movement, rotation, and flexion. The procedure includes: Limiting flexion, extension, rotation, and distraction of spine Providing manual stabilization restricting gross motion Reducing gross movement of patient When using SMR, you should avoid methods that provoke increased spinal movement and/or combativeness. Improper movement and handling of patients in such situations can lead to permanent disability or even death.
Other devices currently in use for spinal immobilization include: hard collar with blocks and tape, backboard, scoop stretcher, and vacuum splint.
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