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HUM 121. Peace Studies
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Peace studies is an interdisciplinary academic field that draws on political science, sociology, history, anthropology, theology, psychology, philosophy, and other fields to:

understand the causes of armed conflict;
develop ways to prevent and resolve war, genocide, terrorism, gross violations of human rights; and
build peaceful and just systems and societies.

HUM 121. Peace Studies
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25 Questions

1. In the 20th century, an important example of effective nonviolent action was that of the ___ movement. Women did gain the right to vote. They suffered much brutality and hardship in the process, but remained nonviolent.

2. In working toward a culture of peace, a number of changes within the United Nations would be necessary. For example, the composition of the ___ must change. Right now, the five permanent members are the countries that possessed nuclear weapons first. The representation and use of the single-member veto are both very problematic.

3. A peace movement is not the same as a/an ___ movement.

4. In the 60 books that Elie Wiesel wrote, he was always pondering questions from the Holocaust. He asked 'What is the sense of living in a universe that tolerates unimaginable cruelty? How could the world have been ___? How can one go on believing?'

5. Historically, ___ tend to not attack one another, so it is a cause for optimism to see this form of government flourish.

6. A good example of passive resistance is that of ___, who refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white person. Her action, on December 1, 1955, was key in sparking the U.S. civil rights movement.

7. Elie Wiesel was not born in Germany, but rather near the Ukrainian border in what was then ___.

8. Together the countries of the world spend about $1.5 trillion each year maintaining the war system. Lester Brown calculated that it would require $187 billion (12.5% of the money now spent on military) per year to end ___ and restore the environment.

9. Nonviolent action was even successfully used to resist the Nazis. For example, people in the country of ___ smuggled almost all of their Jewish citizens to safety (to Sweden).

10. Throughout the 100,000+ year existence of Homo sapiens, there is little evidence of war until about 6,000 years ago. This first evidence we have of war occurred when nomadic groups invaded the ___ of Southwest Asia (what we commonly call the Middle East).

11. Today we call it PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). During WWI and WWII, it was called ___. Whether it is experiencing rats eating a corpse next to you, bombs raining down, or other violence of war, the vast majority of soldiers are adversely impacted by war.

12. Michael Nagler suggests that violence is a kind of ___. It is what happens when people don't know any alternative.

13. While many think that John F. Kennedy supported the build-up of troops in ___, that is not accurate. When Eisenhower left office, there were officially 685 military advisers in the country. They were sent here to help the government of President Ngo Dinh Diem.

14. The 1986 ___ Statement on Violence makes the point that war is cultural (learned behavior), not genetic.

15. Jean Elshtain suggests that 'sacrificial acts function to affirm the reality of existence of this sacred object, the ___.'

16. After Elie Wiesel died, President Obama noted that he spoke out against 'hatred, bigotry and intolerance in all its forms.' He asked us to be serious about the pledge: ___.

17. It was ___ who took nonviolence from an individual action to the realm of collective social and political activism. He was a Hindu, from the Indian state of Gujarat.

18. Another famous, effective use of nonviolent action occurred in the country of ___ in the 1980s. Dictator Marcos was overthrown as a result.

19. On their FTA tours, soldiers disenchanted with the war cheered as ___, Donald Sutherland, and others took the stage to perform their satirical skits and music.

20. One of the most respected peace thinkers is Gene ___. The author notes that he is the founder of the Harvard Program on Nonviolent Sanctions. Actually, he is best known for his books on the politics of nonviolent action. Recently, several non-violent activists were arrested in the country of Angola for studying this man's books.

21. Gandhi's salt march exposed the brutality of the British colonizers. It took 28 years, but the British finally pulled out of India. His strategies have been used successfully in the U.S. and elsewhere. As you saw in Freedom Riders, nonviolent action was used to get rid of the ___ laws.

22. The Jains, Buddhists, and Hindu all speak of ___, the doctrine of nonviolence.

23. The result of the Spanish-American War was that the U.S. took possession of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the ___, although our country used the language of liberation.

24. In 1948, he was writing for a French newspaper, L'Arche. The paper sent him to report on the newly founded country of ___.

25. It was the ___ who first tamed the horse. They appear to also have been the first patriarchal society and it was they who brought war to Old Europe and the Middle East. These invasions occurred in three waves, around 4300, 3400, and 3000 BC.

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