Because of strong resistance from the U.S. military establishment, John F. Kennedy worked in secret to end nuclear testing in the atmosphere, water, on land, and in outer space and to negotiate a non-aggression pact. In August, 1963, John F. Kennedy and Nikita Nikita Khrushchev signed the treaty. It was the first ___ agreement of the nuclear age. The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty in September, 1963.

Peace studies is an interdisciplinary academic field that draws on political science, sociology, history, anthropology, theology, psychology, philosophy, and other fields to:

understand the causes of armed conflict;
develop ways to prevent and resolve war, genocide, terrorism, gross violations of human rights; and
build peaceful and just systems and societies.