Ironically, the five countries that possessed nuclear weapons first are the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. These countries are the U.S., Russia, France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and China. Other countries that currently possess nuclear weapons are Israel, Pakistan, ___, and North Korea.

Peace studies is an interdisciplinary academic field that draws on political science, sociology, history, anthropology, theology, psychology, philosophy, and other fields to:

understand the causes of armed conflict;
develop ways to prevent and resolve war, genocide, terrorism, gross violations of human rights; and
build peaceful and just systems and societies.