The author is calling the third era of peace the Dark Light of Dawn. He says that over the past 200 years, more and more people have taken steps to de-legitimate and control war. These actions include the rise of organized peace societies and the 1899 ___ Peace Conference. This conference led to the establishment of the World Court.

Peace studies is an interdisciplinary academic field that draws on political science, sociology, history, anthropology, theology, psychology, philosophy, and other fields to:

understand the causes of armed conflict;
develop ways to prevent and resolve war, genocide, terrorism, gross violations of human rights; and
build peaceful and just systems and societies.