There are a number of countries that are quite stable and rank high on the Human Development Index, yet do not engage in war (thus countering Koenigsberg's thesis). The textbook lists two in northern Europe: Norway and ___.

Peace studies is an interdisciplinary academic field that draws on political science, sociology, history, anthropology, theology, psychology, philosophy, and other fields to:

understand the causes of armed conflict;
develop ways to prevent and resolve war, genocide, terrorism, gross violations of human rights; and
build peaceful and just systems and societies.