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ELT A-Z

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ELT A-Z

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1. discourse, discourse analysis

An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.A form of feedback, when the teacher or another student provides the correct version of an error, either spoken or written.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.

2. two aspects

3. communicative activity

A form of feedback, when the teacher or another student provides the correct version of an error, either spoken or written.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

4. correction

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.A form of feedback, when the teacher or another student provides the correct version of an error, either spoken or written.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.

5. content and language integrated learning

Teaching a subject such as geography, natural science or history through English, to learners whose first language is not English. Also called CLIL, belongs to the communicative approach, as there is no predetermined language syllabus.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

6. attributive adjective

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.An adjective that precedes a noun e.g. 'pink panther'(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.

7. information exchanging

(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.One of the key functions of language. Language that is used in this way is called transactional language. It is typically performed by the asking of questions.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.

8. deixis, deictic reference

Describes the way language 'points to' spatial, temporal, and personal features of the context (-->reference). For example, in the sentence 'I have been here three weeks now', the referents (ie, what is being referred to) of the words I, here, and now cannot be identified without knowing the context. The speakers location is the _____ center, and the ______ expressions distinguish between 'near the speaker' and 'away from the speaker'.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

9. idiomaticity

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.Describes the extent to which a person's language sounds native-like. 'What is actually said' instead of grammatically well-formed equivalents expressing the same meaning but not used in spoken language.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

10. articles

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.the or a/an; they belong to the word class of determiners. They go before a noun and tell us whether the the thing that is being referred to can be identified (definite), or if it is not (yet) identified (indefinite).An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

11. contraction

(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Aka continual form; happens when you reduce a function word (like 'not') and attach it to an adjacent word (like 'is') to form one word (like 'isn't'). They are most common in spoken language and in informal written language.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

12. form, highlighting

(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.When presenting new language items, teachers customarily choose from a variety of techniques to highlight the form, either spoken or written , or both. E.g. modeling, finger-coding, Cuisenaire rods, and boardwork.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

13. groupwork

A form of classroom interaction where learners work together, either part or all of the time, in small groups.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.

14. grammar-translation method

(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.A language teaching method that developed out of the way that classical languages (such as Latin and Greek) were traditionally taught. In this method, grammar is taught deductively, and grammatical accuracy is highly prioritized. Grammar rules are practiced and tested through the translation of isolated sentences, both from and into the target language.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

15. drill

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.A repetitive oral practice of a language item, whether a sound, a word, a phrase or a sentence structure. A defining feature of the audiolingual approach.

16. computer-assisted language learning

An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.CALL, is one of a number of names to describe the way computers are used to complement (although not necessarily to replace classroom instruction. CALL is just one aspect of TELL (technology-enhanced language learning).

17. imperative

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.In English, this takes the form of the base verb, ie, the form that is not inflected for tense and person, such as enter, be, sit down, etc. The negative ____ is formed by placing do not/don't before the base form.

18. experiential learning

(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.A general term for 'deep-end' approaches to learning that rate direct practical experience over the learning and application of abstract rules. In language learning terms, this might take the form of task-based learning, discovery learning, or of content-based learning. This type belongs to a constructivist school of learning theory.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

19. conversation analysis

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.This is concerned with describing the structure of conversational interaction, including the sequential organization of talk and the ways that speakers repair communication problems.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

20. content word

Also known as lexical words, they are the main carriers of meaning in written and spoken texts. Four classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They are the words that remain when you write texts that are dense in information, such as headlines, text-messages and lecture notes. For example: RAIL STRIKE TALKS COLLAPSE.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

21. autonomy

(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.This is your capacity to take responsibility for, and control of, your own learning, either in an institutional context, or completely independent of a teacher or institution.

22. cleft sentence

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.In order to foreground one element in a sentence in relation to others, the sentence can be split in two: the result is a ________.

23. communicative approach

(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.Also known as communicative language teaching (CLT), it is an umbrella term used to describe a major shift in emphasis in language teaching that occurred in Europe in the 1970s. The shift was away from teaching language systems/linguistic competence alone toward communicative competence.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.

24. dialogue

In the language classroom, this is either the text of a (usually) two-way spoken exchange, or it is the activity of having such an exchange.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.

25. assimilation

Any connected piece of speaking or writing. ____ _____ is principally the study of how such stretches of language achieve both cohesion and coherence.When a sound is modified by a neighboring sound, such as when the final /n/ of green is followed by a /p/, and is pronounced /m/ as in 'Green Park'.An activity in which real communication occurs. They emerged as a response to the need for a more communicative approach in the teaching of second languages. (In their more evolved form as tasks, they are central to task-based learning). They attempt to import into practice activity the key features of 'real-life' communication.(1) Progressive/continuous, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle. (2) Perfect, which combines the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle.

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❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

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