1. Which of the following statements is/ are correct?
1. Equatorial low—A belt of low pressure associated with the rising air in the ITCZ. (The rising of warm air heated at the Equator causes an area of low pressure called Equatorial low. As their rises, creates clouds and precipitation).
2. Subtropical high—A belt of high pressure associated with the sinking air of the horse latitudes. (At the subtropics the air cools and descends creating areas of high pressure with clear skies and little precipitation, called the Subtropical High. The descending air is warm and dry and produces desert in these regions).
3. Subpolar low—A belt of low pressure associated with the polar front.
4. Polar high—A high pressure associated with the cold, dense air of the polar regions.

2. Consider of the following phenomena:
1. Shifting of the subtropical high pressure belt towards the equator.
2. Lower sea surface temperatures in the Eastern North Atlantic.
3. Expansion of the circumpolar Westerly wortex. Which of the above is/are attributed to the prolonged drought in the Sahel region of Africa?

3. Which one of the following statements about winds and atmospheric pressure is not correct?

4. Assertion (A) : The horse latitudes are the region between the trade winds and the prevailing westerlies. Reason (R) : In this region the winds are often light or calm, and were so-named because ships would often half to throw their horses overboard due to lack of feed and water. Codes

5. Which one of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between air pressure and air temperature?

6. Assertion (A) : The large landmasses of the Americas and Asia become much warmer in summer and much colder in winter. Reason (R) : Land gains and loses heat much more quickly than sea water. Codes

7. What is the meaning of frictional movement?

8. With reference to the subtropical high pressure belt, consider the following statements?
1. It is affected by Earth’s rotation and descent of winds from higher altitudes.
2. It is dynamically induced and characterised with anti-cyclonic conditions. Which of the statement (s) given above is/are correct?

9. Which of the following statements about land breeze and sea breeze is/ are correct?
1. A land breeze is created when the land is cooler than the water such as at night and the surface winds have to be very light.
2. Usually land breezes are light and reach only 5 to 8 knots.
3. A sea breeze is created when the surface of the land is heated sufficiently to start air rising.
4. Sea breezes tend to be much stronger and can produce gusty winds as the sun can heat the land to very warm temperatures.

10. A new type of El-Nino called El-Nino Modoki appeared in the news. In this context, consider the following statements:
1. Normal El-Nino forms in the Central Pacific ocean whereas El-Nino Modoki forms in Eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. Normal El-Nino results in diminished hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean but El-Nino Modoki results in a greater number of hurricanes with greater frequency. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

11. Assertion (A) : The sea has a greater specific heat than land. Reason (R) : The sea has a greater capacity for absorbing heat than the land, so the surface of the sea warms up slower than the land’s surface. Codes

12. Wind in the Southern Hemisphere is deflected towards left

13. In the Northern Hemisphere, depressions more readily develop in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. These zones are known as

14. Air pressure is measured by

15. One of the two belts of high atmospheric pressure that are centred, in the mean, near 30°N and 30°S latitudes is called

16. Pressure gradient force has a tendency

17. The tropical climate zone shifts North of the equator in summer and South of it in winter as the region of most intense solar radiation fluctuates with

18. The very low temperatures over the polar regions make the air there heavy, forcing it to descend, creating a zone of

19. A line on a weather map joining all places of equa pressure is called an

20. Which of the following statements about land breeze and sea breeze is/ are correct?

21. In summer the development of continental low pressure significantly influences the pattern of monsoons that affect

22. Which of the following pressure belts and their corresponding latitudes is not correctly matched?

23. A sea–breeze front is a weather front created by a sea-breeze, also known as a

24. A major zone of low pressure exists at or near

25. In the Hadley cell, rising air is found in the