This ruler was betrayed by Andrei Kurbsky in the Livonian War, leading to a fear of aristocrats that encouraged him to form a secret police, whose insignia was a dog' s head and broom, called the Oprichniki (OP-reech-NEE-kee)

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1. This ruler was betrayed by Andrei Kurbsky in the Livonian War, leading to a fear of aristocrats that encouraged him to form a secret police, whose insignia was a dog' s head and broom, called the Oprichniki (OP-reech-NEE-kee)