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Scientific Revolution
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Scientific Revolution
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1. Wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres; believed in a heliocentric model of the universe, or that the Sun was at the center of the universe and that the planets revolved around it
Image: Copernicus

2. Sun-centered; placing the Sun at the center of the universe
Image: heliocentric

3. A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method. Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion. Many members of the Enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God. GOAL: POLITICAL ADVANCEMENT

4. considered the greatest genius of the Scientific Revolution; his major work is known as Principia where he defined the three laws of motion that govern both the planetary bodies and objects on Earth; created the universal law of gravitation, which explains why the planetary bodies do not go off in straight lines but continue in elliptical orbits around the Sun
Image: Isaac Newton

5. The Scientific Revolution was fairly limited in its scope to making discoveries in astronomy, physics, chemistry, medicine, and other sciences. The Enlightenment attempted to reform all aspects of life, not just in science, but also education, inequality, religion, politics, economics, philosophy, literature, art, and more

6. Earth-centered; placing Earth at the center of the universes
Image: geocentric

7. The Scientific Revolution came first and laid the foundation for the Enlightenment. Europe was mostly controlled by absolutist governments and the church during the time of the Scientific Revolution. However, by the Enlightenment, the church and monarchies had weakened as many countries went through revolutions

8. first European to make regular observations of the heavens with a telescope; discovered mountains on the Moon, 4 moons revolving around Jupiter and sunspots; he discovered that heavenly bodies were not pure orbs of light but were composed of material substance; he was ordered by the Catholic Church to abandon the Copernican system
Image: Galileo Galilei

9. mathematician who used detailed astronomical data to create laws of planetary movement; his observations confirmed that the Sun was at the center of the universe; discovered that the orbits of the planets around the Sun were not circular but elliptical
Image: Johannes Kepler

10. a system of thought based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
Image: rationalism

11. Considered the founder of modern chemistry, proposed that matter was made up of smaller particles. Boyle's law explains how volume, temperature and gas affect each other
Image: Robert Boyle

12. a law of nature defined by Isaac Newton that states that every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity
Image: universal law of gravitation

13. Many Scientific Revolution thinkers were cautious to publicize their beliefs. For example, Copernicus waited until the year of his death to publish his discovery that the earth revolved around the sun rather than the earth being the center of the universe
Enlightenment thinkers were eager to publish their thoughts to gain intellectual recognition and make a name for themselves

14. A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. GOAL: SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENT

15. began the revolution in medicine; wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body, where he presented a careful and accurate examination of human organs and the general structure of the human body
Image: Andreas Vesalius

16. a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence
Image: scientific method

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