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Physiology Practice Test: The Urinary System - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Physiology Practice Test: The Urinary System - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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25 Questions

1. Movement across which of the following generally results in a net loss of solutes and/or water?
2. Which of the following is NOT a response to hemorrhage?
3. In a state of negative balance, the quantity of a substance in the plasma tends to increase.
4. What is the most rapid defense against changes in blood pH?
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of changes in pH on the body?
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of angiotensin II?
7. The obligatory water loss refers to the lowest volume of urine that must be produced to eliminate solutes.
8. In comparison with the renal cortex, fluid in the proximal tubule is hyperosmotic.
9. Which of the following mechanisms is NOT important in the maintenance of the osmotic gradient within the proximal tubule that drives water movement?
10. Which of the following hormones is a steroid?
11. What is the strongest stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary?
12. Atrial natriuretic peptide causes which of the following effects in principal cells?
13. Which of the following is a source of water input?
14. Antidiuretic hormone binds to receptors on ________ cells in the collecting ducts and distal tubules where it ________.
15. The reabsorption of potassium in the proximal tubule requires which of the following?
16. A patient is exhibiting several signs of acid-base imbalance. Blood tests reveal that blood pH is 7.3, and bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels in blood are both low. What is the state of this patient?
17. A long loop of Henle would result in which of the following?
18. Which of the following transporters is NOT found embedded in the membrane of the intercalated cells of the late distal tubule and collecting ducts?
19. Which of the following conditions would be associated with hypernatremia?
20. Near the renal pelvis, the osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid is 300 mOsm.
21. In diabetes insipidus, why does polyuria occur?
22. The hormone-induced increases in water permeability of the distal tubule and collecting ducts is mediated by a(n) ________.
23. Which of the following correctly describes water movement across the epithelial cells lining the collecting duct?
24. Potassium enters the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule by which of the following mechanisms?
25. The bone can supply calcium to the plasma by what process?

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