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AP Government Federalism

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AP Government Federalism

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1. Gibbons v. Ogden

Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Republicans push to limit the growth of mandates with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (part of devolution revolution)

2. Federal Mandates

Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Republicans push to limit the growth of mandates with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (part of devolution revolution)Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.

3. Democratic Views on Federal Grants

Republicans push to limit the growth of mandates with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (part of devolution revolution)Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.

4. Response to Federal Mandates

Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Republicans push to limit the growth of mandates with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (part of devolution revolution)

5. Types of Grants

1. Categorical -Formula-Project 2. BlockLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goal

6. United States V Morrison

Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Court struck down Violence Against Women Act, which had given women who were victims of violence right to sue their attacks for damages -Congress found violence against women costs the national economy $3 billion annually

7. Wickard v. Filburn

Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalAgricultural adjustment act created limits on the production of certain crops -Wickard (secretary of agricultural) fined Filburn for growing 11 acres of wheat over his permitted allotment under the AAA -Filburn argued that produced a few extra acres for personal use so not a substantial effect on interstate commerce, so Supreme Court can't regulate.-Court held that in calculating the effect on IC, ok to aggregate all instances of the activity and weighed the cumulative effect on IC, essential what if everyone in your position did it

8. Purposes of Federal Grants

Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goal1. To supply state and local governments with revenue 2. To establish minimum national standards for such things as highways and clean air 3 To equalize resources among the states by taking money from people with high incomes through federal taxes and spending it, through grants, in states where the poor live 4 To attack national problems yet minimize the growth of federal agenciesDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.

9. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964)

10. Cross-Cutting Requirements

Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Federal grants may establish certain conditions that extend to all activities supported by federal funds -Example Title VI of 1964 Civil Rights Act (holds that in the use of federal funds, no person may be discriminated on basis of race, color, or origin)

11. Purposes of federal grants

Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goal1. To provide states and localities with needed revenue 2. To promote national priorities and set minimum standards in important areas (e.g. air quality) 3. Reduce inequality of resources among states 4. Reduce size of federal bureaucracy (more efficient to have states carry out programs with federal $)

12. Impact of Federal Mandates

Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Financial burdens on states (especially when unfunded/underfunded mandates) -States complain about federal 'blackmail'

13. Transformations of Current State Governments

Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalImproved governmental structure -Taken greater roles in funding education -Launched programs to help distressed cities -Expanded their tax allowing citizens to deduct their state and local taxes from national income tax -Assumed greater roles in homeland security and fighting corporate corruptionLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.

14. States are prohibited from:

Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goal1. Making treaties with foreign governments 2. Authorizing private persons to prey on the shipping and commerce of other nations 3. Coining money issuing bills of credit or making anything but gold and silver coin legal tender in payments of debts 4. Taxing imports or exports 5. Taxing foreign ships 6. Keeping troops or ships of war in tine of peace (except the state militia (National Guard)) 7. Engaging in war, unless invaded or in such imminent dangers as will not admit of delay

15. Dual Federalism

Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Views the constitution as giving a limited list of powers (primarily foreign policy and national defense) to the national government, giving the rest to the states. Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. Supreme Court acts as umpire in disputes relating to level of government activity.

16. Period of Dual Federalism

Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goal(1830's-1937) -Dual federalism=Nat'l gov and state are supreme within their own spheres which are kept separate -Marshall dies replaced by Roger Taney who supported states rights -Taney court used a categorical approach to defining what is/is not interstate commerce -Only those categories of activity with the stream of commerce could be regulated by commerce so manufacturing mining and agriculture were outside the statesLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""

17. Project Grants

Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Congress appropriates a certain sum, allocated to state and local units and sometimes to nongovernmental agencies based on applications -Example: National Science Foundation to universities and research institutions to support work of sciences

18. Disadvantages to Federalism

Loss of efficiency-Promotes differences which can lead to conflict -Uncertainty about division of power creates confusion -Allows for inequality among rich and poor states (differences in education spending, healthcare, welfare, etc.) -States resist nat'l reformsDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.

19. Marble Cake Federalism

20. Examples of Concurrent Powers Shared by National and State Governments

21. Necessary and Proper Clause

Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.(Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) States that Congress, in addition to its expressed powers,has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national governmentDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""

22. Examples of Powers Delegated to Nation Government

Regulate trade and interstate commerce -Declare war -Create post offices -Coin money -Establish national courtsLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""

23. Extradition

Article IV, Section 2 asserts that when individual charged with crimes have fled from one strata to another, the state to which they have fled is to deliver them to the proper officials on demand of the executive authority of the state from which they fledDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalLess supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.

24. Competitive Federalism

Dispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Views the national government, the 50 states, and thousands of local governments as competing with each other over ways to put together services and taxes. Emphasizes we have the choice to which state and city we want to use.Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.Congress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goal

25. 1937-1990s Supreme Court

Removed federal courts from what had been their role of protecting states from acts of congress. -Interpreted the commerce clause to allow congress to do what ever Congress thought was necessary and proper to promote common good, even if federal laws infringed on state activitiesCongress requires states to do certain things (eg. Provide service to indigent mothers and clean up the air and water) -A federal Order imposed upon states so they meet a federal goalDispute oer a monopoly to operate steamboats in New York waters. Chief Justice Marshall defined interstate commerce as intercourse that affects more states than one""Less supportive of broad discretionary block grants, instead favoring more detailed, federally supervised spending.

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | OSHA Basics Quiz | What Should We Know? Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson© 2026 Fatskills.com

All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | OSHA Basics Quiz | What Should We Know?
Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com