1. origin: pancreas
-digests lipids and fats in the small intestine

2.
ring-shaped muscle that tightens to separate the stomach from the small intestine

3.
-water, salts, and vitamin K are absorbed here
-proximal part of the large intestine

4. A healthcare provider determines through a blood test that a client is deficient in several vitamins. Which of the following organs is most likely impaired?

5. origin: pancreas
-neutralizes chyme as it enters the duodenum

6. the capillary network of the digestive tract carries blood to the liver through this
-vein that carries blood from GI tract to the liver

7. A client has a disease that involves her gallbladder. Which of the following processes is most likely to be affected?

8. digestive enzymes are secreted by certain exocrine organs--including the pancreas, liver, and salivary glands and specialized cells in the lining of the stomach
-so they don't digest the cells that synthesize them, enzymes are released in the inactive zygomen form and are rendered active only in the presence of other digestive compounds

9.
ring-shaped muscle that tightens to separate the stomach and esophagus

10. chemical and mechanical breakdown of foods into smaller compounds that can be utilized by the body

11. ring-shaped muscle that tightens to control the excretion of solid waste from the digestive tract

12. stimulus for release: empty stomach
-released from: stomach
-target: hypothalamus
-function: induces hunger

13.
tube that conveys bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum

14. Which organ, if impaired, would result in a vitamin deficiency? Recall that most vitamins are absorbed through the lining of the small intestine.

15. system of organs that breaks down foods into nutrients that the body can use
-ALSO known as digestive system or the GI system
-accomplished by the processes of digestion and absorption
-controlled by the autonomic nervous system and regulated by series of hormonal feedback loops
-smooth muscle is effected by emotions
-sympathetic nervous system slows digestion and can cause the bowels to empty in preparation of dealing w/ a threat
-the parasympathetic nervous system increases blood flow to the stomach and intestine
-components: oral cavity, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, colon, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, rectum, and anus

16. triggered when the chewed food (bolus) is sensed by the pharynx

17. 'Which of the following is NOT a role of gastric HCl?
-Denaturing proteins
-Activating zymogens
-Sterilizing pathogens
-Buffering gastric pH"

18. when chyme enters the intestine, it signals the pancreas and gallbladder to release their digestive secretions into the duodenum

19. line small intestine
-finger like folds in the lining of the intestine that increase surface area to aid absorption

20.
-pathway through the body that food travels while being digested and absorbed, as well as the accessory organs that release secretions necessary for digestion to occur
-food enters the canal through the mouth

21. Which of the following is a result of reverse peristalsis?

22. origin: microvilli (small intestine)
-includes lactase and other disaccharidases that break down lactose and other simple sugars; nucleases that break down nucleic acids; and peptidases that complete protein digestion and convert trypsinogen to trypsin

23. origin: chief cells (stomach)
-digests protein by breaking bonds of amino acids

24.
-part of the alimentary canal below the stomach in which digestion is completed and absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream occurs
-where digestion is completed and absorption begins
-3 sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

25. origin: pancreas and small intestine
-digests proteins in the small intestine