ATI TEAS V Reading Study Guide

Fact
Information based on real, provable events, or situations.

Cited Statements
Are FACTS

Opinion
Beliefs based on personal judgement, rather than on indisputable facts.

Speculation
Is an OPINION

Descriptive phrases that make 'Blanket Judgements'
Tend to be Opinions NOT Facts

Biases
Opinions or beliefs that affect a persons ability to make fair, unclouded judgement's or decisions.

Steriotype
Oversimplified opinions that do not account for individual differences, about an entire group of people or things.

Critical Reading
Includes:
Carefully analyzing the text
Judging credibility and the author's intentions
analyze material as you read
Consider the text and the authors biases

Topic Sentences
Express the main point of a paragraph, or of a larger text structure. The topic sentence will appear early in the text structure, usually in the first paragraph.

How to Identify a Topic Sentence
Read the text
Decide what it is trying to say
Find an early sentence that states that message

Summary Sentences
Appear at or around the end of the text structure, they can be used to drive the message of the text home recapping the topic. They also provide closure to a text. Some will draw a conclusion based on the text topic.

Logical Conclusion
An idea that follows from the facts or ideas presented in the text.

Finding the Logical Conclusion
Ask yourself:
Assuming that everything I just read is true, what follows?
or
Based on the ideas in the text, what is the authors point?

A Logical Conclusion
Can be illogical when viewed on its own

Direction Following Task
Sets of Directions.
Require a sequence of directions to be followed explicitly.
Can be in paragraph or list format
Write down answer of each step!

Words Context
Surrounding words, sentences, or paragraphs that usually help to reveal the words meaning.

Interpreting the Context
Helps the reader decide which definition is correct and suggest the meaning of a word.

Product Information
Take all information given into account, do not leave anything out.
Always add up all possibilities before answering .

Collecting Information
When asked what the 'best' choice is take all given information into consideration.

Graphic Representation
Information presented as a:
Graph, Map, Chart, Drawing, Photograph

Legends and Keys of Maps
A small area that explains the symbols and notations used on the map.

Compass Rose
Symbol that indicates the cardinal directions ( N, E, S, W)

Distance Scale
Info in the legend that tells the reader how to interpret distances on the map--usually appears as a line with a distance marking.

Primary Sources
First hand records of events, theories, opinions, or actions.

Examples of a Primary Source
Letter, Diary, Painting, Autobiography, Historical Documents, Census, Business Records, Music, Novel, Witness, Newspaper article written at the time

Primary Source Issue #1
Sometimes the only information available about an event was written hundreds of years after the even was taken, which is NOT a primary source.

Primary Source Issue #2
Primary sources may not always be accurate, especially if the source contains someones perception of the event.

Primary Source Issue #3
Primary Sources are often ambiguous and fragmentary, making them difficult to analyze.

True or False: A primary Source can be found on the internet?
True

Government websites, organizational site, and educational institution sites are more reliable because...?
They are websites which provide a non biased approach.

Archaeological Primary Source
Farming Tool

Art Primary Source
Painting

Historical Primary Source
Declaration of Independence

Journalism Primary Source
Newspaper Article

Law Primary Source
Courtroom Hearing

Literature Primary Source
Novel

Music Primary Source
Original Score

Political Science Primary Source
Polls

Rhetoric Primary Source
Speeches

Sociology Primary Source
Voting Records

Terms like narrative, expository, technical, and persuasive are...
Labels that help the reader understand what to expect from a text.

Narrative
Tells a story, or relates a chain of events.

Expository
Introduces or explains a subject, gives ground work information that is necessary for understanding later ideas, or analyzes information objectively.

Technical
Passes along precise information, usually about a specific topic, and usually in a formal or semi-formal style.

Persuasive
Tries to get the reader to agree with the author.

True or False: Can something contain more than one label?
True, a piece of work as a whole may have on label, but can contain other elements.

Topic
The general subject matter covered by the work.

Main Idea
The works specific message, it is the REASON the text was written.

Supporting Details
flesh out and explain the main idea.

Themes
Are subjects that a written work frequently touches upon. Themes are ideas or concepts that the book comes back to again and again.

Inferences
The next step or logical conclusion that is not actually written in the text, it is deduced by the reader based on information that IS in the text.

Prediction
A statement of what will happen next in a sequence of events.

Conclusions
A final decision reached by reasoning

Personal Judgements
decisions that refer to actions in which individual preferences are the main considerations

'read between the lines'
simply means drawing inferences,conclusions,and making predictions.

Authors Position
a standpoint or attitude that the author holds towers an idea

Authors Purpose
an author's reason for creating a piece of work, the purpose may be to explain/inform, entertain, or persuade.

Informative Writing
Informs the reader about some fact or event; newspaper articles often fall into this category.

Persuasive Writing
Persuades the reader to a particular viewpoint.

Entertaining Writing
Entertains the reader; fiction novels serve the purpose of entertainment.

Expressive Writing
Express's feelings; poetry is usually concerned with evoking a feeling or emotion in the reader.

Authors Intent
the universal message the author attempts to communicate in his or her work of literature

Historical Context
The setting and circumstances in which a literary work is written or an event occurs.Historical contexts affects what is written and how it is written.

Cultural Beliefs
ideology

Authors Cultural Belief
Effects the authors opinion and styles.

Text Structure
The structure of the text or how the author chooses to organize the text.

Sequence
A step-by-step pattern. Bulleted or numbered list.

Problem- Solution
Speech arrangement that explores either the causes or consequences of a problem, then offers a solution that addresses the problem.

Comparison-Contrast
A method of informing that explains something by focusing on how it is similar and different from other things

Cause-Effect
The reason something happens and the result of it happening.

Description
A rhetorical mode based in the five senses. It aims to re-create, invent, or present something so that the reader can experience it.

Label Reading
It is important for a reader to be able to read and understand labels.

Table of Context
Provides an overview of a document, outlining its basic structure and allowing the reader to quickly look up the section they want to read. Is best for learning the documents overall structure, or finding general sections.

Index
An alphabetical listing of key words, phrases, or topics that includes the page numbers on which those items are found within a publication. Is best when the reader must find a reference to a very specific detail.

Identifying Appropriate Sources
1. Should be to the point, specific to the question
2. Credible or Authoritative

Three Stage Purchase Process
1. Decide qualities that are important
2. Get product information to compare against list of qualities
3. Sort through product information and decide which product or retailer best matches the desired qualities.

Graphic Representations
Charts, graphs, maps,drawings, and photographs.

Pie Chart
A circular chart divided into triangular areas proportional to the percentages of the whole

Scale
Any standard instrument of measurement that has marking at established intervals.

Scale Reading
The information obtained from a numerical scale.

Legend (Key)
A small area that explains the symbols and notations used on the map. The information provided by the legend is sometimes called the 'key'.

Compass Rose
A tool on a map showing cardinal (N,E,S,W) and intermediate (NE,SE,NW,SW) directions.

Distance Scale
info in the legend that tells the reader how to interpret distances on the map--usually appears as a line with a distance marking

Heading
Titles that preface a section of text, it advertises the subject of the text that is beneath it.

Subheading
Appear bellow other headings within the same category. It covers a piece of the larger topic.

Text Features
Include formatting, bold and italicized font, indented text, bulleted or numbered list. Text features do one or more of the following
1. add meaning
2. change meaning
3. add clarity
For a text feature to be useful it must be applied consistently.