1. An imperialism eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.

2. (1627-1691) Irish chemist who conducted experiments on gases at different temperatures. He is sometimes known as the 'Father of Chemistry.'

3. (1874-1963) British Prime Minister who opposed Hitler and inspired the British people with his public broadcasts during World War II.

4. In antiquity, the land between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan River, occupied by the Israelites from early 2,ooo B.C. The modern state of Israel was founded in 1948.

5. A Roman invention, an aqueduct was a conduit, either elevated or underground, that used gravity to carry water from a source to a location- usually a city- that needed it.

6. A people group located just north of the kingdom of Israel known for their development of richly dyed fabrics from the shells of sea snails, and the creation of a simple Alphabet used later by the Greeks and Romans.

7. People who support themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects.

8. (late 18th-early 19th centuries) Began in England. Changed the way goods were made, moving production from the home to factories and from hand to machine.

9. (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) Han ivented paper and lead-glazed ceramics, gave examinations to candidates for imperial service, and increased trade over the Silk Road.

10. (1861-1865) Fought between the North (Union states) and the South (Confederate states). The Confederate states wanted to leave the union. The conflict was triggered by the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Lincoln wanted to end slavery and keep the Union together. The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. Union military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina.

11. (15th-16th centuries) A rebirth of European culture that began in Italian city-states, with a spirit of questioning, a rediscovery of classical learning,and improvements in art and architecture.

12. (16th-19th centuries) Captured Africans were transported across the Atlantic under horrific conditions to labor in the Americas in mines and plantations.

13. Religion in India that believes in many gods and goddesses, reincarnation, and that a person's behavior in life determines his or her form or caste in the next life.

14. Important culture of what is now the southwest United States (700 - 1300 A.D.), the Anasazi culture built multistory residences and worshiped in subterranean buildings called kivas.

15. Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization.

16. Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa in the fifteenth century.

17. A weak plan of government that created a loose confederation of independent states that gave limited powers to a central government.

18. (1643-1727) Scientist who discovered the laws of gravity, raising hopes that all the universe acted according to certain fixed and fundamental laws.

19. (post 1979) Reaction by radical muslims against western values. They seek a return to strict adherence to Islamic values and laws.

20. A body preserved by chemical processes or special natural circumstances, often in the belief that the deceased will need it again in the afterlife.

21. (1818-1883) Critic of capitalism whose ideas became the basis of Communism: believed workers would eventually overthrow their capitalist bosses.

22. City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and ritual center of the Islamic religion.

23. Roman emperor 312 - 337 A.D.). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion.

24. The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E.

25. (960-1279) Period of great economical progress in China, marked by the first use of paper currency and standardized coins.