1. After cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a

2. In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently

3. What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?

4. Among sac fungi, which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?

5. Consider two hyphae having equal dimensions: one from a septate species and the other from a coenocytic species. Compared with the septate species, the coenocytic species should have

6. In what structures do both Penicillium and Aspergillus produce asexual spores?

7. The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

8. Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens?

9. Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?

10. What are the sporangia of the bread mold Rhizopus?

11. Mycorrhizae are to the roots of vascular plants as endophytes are to vascular plants'

12. The microsporidian, Brachiola gambiae, parasitizes the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Adult female mosquitoes must take blood meals in order for their eggs to develop, and it is while they take blood that they transmit malarial parasites to humans. Male mosquitoes drink flower nectar. If humans are to safely and effectively use Brachiola gambiae as a biological control to reduce human deaths from malaria, then how many of the following statements should be true? 1.Brachiola should kill the mosquitoes before the malarial parasite they carry reaches maturity. 2.The microsporidian should not be harmful to other insects. 3.Microsporidians should infect mosquito larvae, rather than mosquito adults. 4.The subsequent decline in anopheline mosquitoes should not significantly disrupt human food resources or other food webs. 5.Brachiola must be harmful to male mosquitoes, but not to female mosquitoes.

13. Arrange the following from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same fungus. 1.basidiocarp 2.basidium 3.basidiospore 4.mycelium 5.gill

14. Which of these paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike?

15. The photosynthetic symbiont of a lichen is often

16. The hydrolytic digestion of which of the following should produce monomers that are aminated (i.e., have an amine group attached) molecules of β-glucose?

17. The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

18. Fossil fungi date back to the origin and early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental and morphological change is similar in the evolution of both fungi and plants?

19. Which of the following terms refers to symbiotic relationships that involve fungi living between the cells in plant leaves?

20. What do fungi and arthropods have in common?

21. A billionaire buys a sterile volcanic island that recently emerged from the sea. To speed the arrival of conditions necessary for plant growth, the billionaire might be advised to aerially sow what over the island?

22. Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungus that is accidentally consumed along with rye flour?

23. Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following? 1.cells with a single haploid nucleus 2.heterokaryotic cells 3.dikaryotic cells 4.cells with two diploid nuclei

24. When pathogenic fungi are found growing on the roots of grape vines, grape farmers sometimes respond by covering the ground around their vines with plastic sheeting and pumping a gaseous fungicide into the soil. The most important concern of grape farmers who engage in this practice should be that the

25. If all of their nuclei are equally active transcriptionally, then the cells of both dikaryotic and heterokaryotic fungi, in terms of the gene products they can make, are essentially