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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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Alterations in cognitive systems, cerebral hemodynamics, and motor function can cause problems and diseases that affect functional adequacy.  Some examples of alterations in cognitive systems include: Alterations in arousal, Alterations in awareness, Data processing deficits, and Seizure disorders.  Some examples of alterations in cerebral hemodynamics include: Abnormalities in the control mechanisms regulating cerebral blood flow, Disorders of cerebral metabolism  Some examples of alterations in motor function include: Alterations in muscle tone, Alterations in movement, and... Show more
Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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25 Questions

1. What term is used to describe an explosive, disorderly discharge of cortical neurons?
2. A 70-year-old patient is being closely monitored in the neurological critical care unit for a severe closed head injury. After 48 hours, signs of deterioration occur: pupils are small and sluggish, pulse pressure is widening, and heart rate is bradycardic. These clinical findings are evidence of what stage of intracranial hypertension?
3. The primary care provider states that the patient is experiencing vasogenic edema. The nurse realizes vasogenic edema is clinically important because:
4. A patient experiences a severe head injury hitting a tree while riding a motorcycle. Breathing becomes deep and rapid but with normal pattern. What term should the nurse use for this condition?
5. A 40-year-old male complains of uncontrolled excessive movement and progressive dysfunction of intellectual and thought processes. He is experiencing movement problems that begin in the face and arms and eventually affect the entire body. The most likely diagnosis is:
6. A compensatory alteration in the diameter of cerebral blood vessels in response to increased intracranial pressure is called:
7. An adult is diagnosed with communicating hydrocephalus. The form of hydrocephalus in adults is most often caused by:
8. When thought content and arousal level are intact but a patient cannot communicate and is immobile, the patient is experiencing:
9. The nurse is explaining clinical manifestations of alterations in the extrapyramidal system. The nurse would correctly include:
10. A 20-year-old experiences a severe closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following structures is most likely keeping the patient in a vegetative state (VS) 1 month after the accident?
11. A neurologist explains that arousal is mediated by the:
12. A patient has memory loss of events that occurred before a head injury. What cognitive disorder does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
13. A nurse notes that a patient walks with the leg extended and held stiff, causing a scraping over the floor surface. What type of gait is the patient experiencing?
14. A patient is admitted to the neurological critical care unit with a severe closed head injury. All four extremities are in rigid extension, the forearms are hyperpronated, and the legs are in plantar extension. How should the nurse chart this condition?
15. A patient has excessive movement. What disorder will the nurse see documented on the chart?
16. A patient is admitted to the neurological critical care unit with a severe closed head injury. When an intraventricular catheter is inserted, the intracranial pressure (ICP) is recorded at 24 mm Hg. How should the nurse interpret this reading?
17. A patient has paralysis of both legs. What type of paralysis does the patient have?
18. A patient experiences a stroke and now has difficulty writing and producing language. This condition is most likely caused by occlusion of the:
19. A teenager sustains a severe closed head injury following an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident and is in a state of deep sleep that requires vigorous stimulation to elicit eye opening. How should the nurse document this in the chart?
20. The breathing pattern that reflects respirations based primarily on carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood is:
21. A patient presents to the emergency room (ER) reporting excessive vomiting. A CT scan of the brain reveals a mass in the:
22. For legal purposes, brain death is defined as:
23. A 16-year-old male fell off the bed of a pickup truck and hit his forehead on the road. He now has resistance to passive movement that varies proportionally with the force applied. He is most likely suffering from:
24. Spinal shock is characterized by:
25. A 16-year-old’s level of arousal was altered after taking a recreational drug. Physical exam revealed a negative Babinski sign, equal and reactive pupils, and roving eye movements. Which of the following diagnoses will the nurse most likely see on the chart?

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