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POLSC402 Final Exam Global Justice

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MCQs on contemporary debates and controversies regarding global justice. Topics include: human rights theory, the moral significance of national and cultural boundaries, the currency of distributive justice, global inequality and poverty, environmental devastation, and violence against women and children.

POLSC402 Final Exam Global Justice

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25 Questions

1. Which of the following is a central tenet advanced by Hugo Grotius in 'On the Law of War and Peace?'

Divine law is the basis for warfare; hence, it is the sovereign bestowed by the divine right who has the sole authority to declare a war just.War, if fought for just causes, is compatible with natural law and by extension with the law of nations.War is necessary for the pursuit of justice.The theory of just war contends that the causes and conduct of war determine whether or not a war is just even if a judicial settlement can be reached.The absence of an international legal court implies that all wars between states or nations are just as warfare, and war is the only available mechanism to settle disputes.

2. Complete the following statement.Individual and collective human rights can best be understood as:

intrinsically interdependent.irrelevant for global justice.manifestations of the universal-relative tension of human rights thought.mutually exclusive.

3. Which of the following constraints conceptually and simultaneously undermine as well as support the objectives of global distributive justice?

National borders and citizenshipSubsistence needs and state sovereigntyInternational law and the UNSpatial distance between perpetrator and victim of injustice and lack of international enforcement mechanism

4. In what way does the two-tier hierarchy of the UN undermine the objectives of global justice?

The UN's two-tier hierarchy accords greater significance to the world's nuclear states, which is a direct recognition of the value of nuclear weaponry.The UN's two-tier hierarchy perpetuates the inherently unfair financial obligations of the permanent members of the Security Council.The veto power of the powerful members of the Security Council is problematic for global justice, because the rotating membership does not allow for consistency in policy objectives.The veto power accorded to the permanent members of the Security Council institutionalizes sovereign inequality and therefore weakens joint decision-making responsibility of the international community.

5. In what way does the contractarian approach to global justice differ from the human development approach?

The human development approach is process-oriented, while the contractarian approach is outcome-oriented.The contractarian approach places emphasis on international cooperation with mutual advantage for all parties, while the human development approach begins with a focus on a set of basic entitlements for all people, which gives rise to collective responsibility for meeting these entitlements.The only difference between the contractarian and the human development approach to global justice exists in the conflicting understanding of international cooperation's ability to benefit all parties.The contractarian approach is inherently cosmopolitan in that it seeks the greater good for all, while the human development approach is nationalist in that it stresses national identity for the distribution of resources.

6. Which of the following may contribute to global justice through the alleviation of poverty?

Budget increase of the United Nations Development ProgrammeElimination of income tax in all countriesBed nets for the prevention of malariaFair trade practices and agreements

7. Which of the following describes one way in which the human rights framework contributes to the advancement of global justice?

Human rights serve as a policy instrument used by actors such as states, IGOs, and NGOs to effect policy and behavior changes of other actors.The topic of human rights is so delicate that world leaders shy away from the subject in diplomatic meetings, ensuring non-interference in the domestic affairs of other states.The general global acceptance of the notion of human rights accords significant authority to the United Nations to enforce human rights law, advancing the ideals of global justice.The human rights framework publicly criticizes the actions of foreign governments, demanding compliance with international human rights law.

8. Which of the following statements most aptly summarizes divergent views on responsibility for world poverty?

Divergent views on responsibility for world poverty result from a fundamentally different understanding of historical dynamics that shaped the current global order.Responsibility for world poverty is placed with multinational corporations who engage in the ruthless exploitation of workers in far-flung places or, alternatively, is placed with global economic structures that inherently disadvantage developing states.Some contend that responsibility for world poverty rests primarily with the affluent and the global economic structures perpetuated by them, while others maintain that poverty is a domestic human rights violation that may or may not have been shaped by global dynamics.Some argue that world poverty constitutes a human rights violation on the part of the industrialized states, while others argue that world poverty is solely a consequence of poor policy planning and implementation within individual states.

9. Complete the following statement.Immanuel Kant's 'perpetual peace among states' refers to:

an utopian ideal of peace that is impossible to achieve given the human propensity for warfare.the absence of open hostilities between states for a period lasting a minimum of one hundred years.the absence of open hostilities, which is operationalized through the balance of power.the permanent end of all hostilities between states, which is operationalized through an increased emphasis on the rule of law in relations between states.

10. The historical development of human rights in the post-World War II era included which of the following?

There was a progression from local practices and norms to national laws and eventually the development of internationally agreed upon human rights law.There was a gradual transition from narrowly defined rights attached to the individual to more broadly conceived rights for groups and communities as well as individuals.There was an initial disregard for broad concepts of human rights such as genocide and torture.Human rights law transitioned from codified to customary law as its principal foundation.

11. Which of the following scenarios DOES NOT fall under the heading 'global distributive justice?'

Countries X, Y, and Z push the other countries in their regional IGO to accept a fair-trade agreement with less-developed countries.Country X shares its industrial expertise with neighboring country Y so that country Y can benefit from its hydroelectric power potential.Country X sends food aid to country Y due to drought conditions in country Y.Country X demands that country Y matches country X's arguably better approach to higher education.

12. Complete the following statement.The denial of group rights to national minorities:

is a popular tactic employed by state governments to ensure territorial integrity given the penchant for secession of minority groups.occurs when dominant societies feel threatened by the interests of minorities to maintain cultural integrity.is an exclusive manifestation of western imperialism as demonstrated by European subjugation of colonized peoples.occurs when individualism is valued over collectivism.

13. Which of the following DOES NOT support the argument that the world's affluent are obligated to aid the world's poor?

The consumerism of the affluent directly contributes to resource depletion and its environmental consequences, which is a factor in sustaining poverty.The moral responsibility to provide relief for the global poor is strengthened by the lack of geographic proximity between the world's affluent and poor.The affluent have benefitted from colonial exploitation, which has created the economic system and uneven power structures that remain in place today.The global poor have a moral claim to justice against the affluent, because the affluent benefit from the global economic system.

14. What does global distributive justice refer to?

The promotion and protection of human rights in countries affected by war.The equitable distribution of industrial by-products such as toxic waste throughout the worldThe equitable distribution of scarce resources throughout the worldThe equally shared decision-making by all affected groups and individuals to achieve justice

15. In which of the following ways does the International Criminal Court contribute to peace and justice?

The International Criminal Court, in existence since 1948, has the authority to prosecute individuals and states accused of violating human rights; its high conviction rate serves as a deterrent for future abuses.The International Criminal Court, charged with prosecuting the worst violators of the crimes of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, contributes to justice through the removal of impunity.The International Criminal Court contributes to peace and justice by creating international law that compels states to seek peaceful solutions to conflict situations.The International Criminal Court has no bearing on justice, because the vast majority of states refuse to abide by the Rome Statute and do not recognize the authority of the International Criminal Court.

16. Which of the following statements most aptly reflects the relationship between justice and human rights?

Human rights and justice are inherently incompatible in a global context because of the lack of a universal understanding of human rights.The protection and promotion of human rights depends upon the development of a single worldwide system of justice.Human rights provide the conceptual and practical framework within which to operationalize justice based on various societies' codes of morality.Human rights and justice are only related to each other if human rights are equated with human needs.

17. Which of the following scenarios best encapsulates the tension between individuals' and collectives' claims for justice?

The policy of providing material and financial aid to victims of famine in country X is deemed unfair to the unemployed in the country providing the aid.The public health policy of a polity to quarantine violates the right to freedom of movement of individuals who have contracted a highly contagious disease.A person's private property rights are at odds with a community's demands for a clean environment.The language of instruction in a polity's schools violates the cultural rights of a number of minority language speakers.

18. Does the principle of non-discrimination intrinsically further the goals of global justice?Why, or why not?

Yes, the pursuit of policies on a non-discriminatory basis creates a level playing field for all actors.No, pursuing non-discriminatory policies might actually perpetuate global injustice, because these policies ignore relative strengths and weaknesses as well as the reasons for these differences.No, the principle of non-discrimination does not allow for developed states to provide disaster relief aid to developing states.Yes, the principle of non-discrimination guarantees fairness, which is central to global justice.

19. Which of the following is NOT an example of global rectificatory justice?

Japan's apology to South Korea for colonial ruleThe policy of affirmative action in favor of African-Americans in the USGerman reparation payments to the state of IsraelEuropean aid to the victims of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti

20. Which of the following statements best captures the apparent tensions between individual and collective human rights?

When a specific human right applies to both a group and an individual, it is difficult for the state to promote and protect that human right.Collective human rights serve no distinct purpose in the human rights discourse, because individual human rights ensure that the human rights of individual group members are guaranteed.The possibility of a specific collective right violating an individual's right calls into question the merit of collective human rights.The tensions between individual and collective human rights only exist with respect to human rights of indigenous peoples and indigenous individuals.

21. Which of the following statements most adequately describes the intricate nature of the human rights–global justice relationship?

Global justice is most likely achieved when civil and political rights are prioritized over economic, social, and cultural rights.Persistent violations of human rights by a broad range of actors at local, national, and global levels indicate that global justice is not attainable.Engaging the human rights framework has limited implications for global justice in the present or near future because of the aspirational nature of human rights.The human rights framework is well-suited for furthering global justice on a conceptual level; however, in practical terms, the human rights approach is hampered by questions of legitimacy and authority to intervene.

22. Why is early marriage a concern from a global justice perspective?

Global justice cannot be achieved as long as individuals are not free to enter into marriages through their consent as this undermines their capacity for global citizenship.The practice of early marriage is pervasive in all parts of the world; therefore, it represents a challenge for the international community as a whole.The practice of early marriage obfuscates the objectives of global justice, because it compromises familial decision-making structures.The practice of early marriage violates children's human rights, and due to the interplay between early marriage and education, it has profound ramifications for the individuals' and societies' socio-economic well-being.

23. What is the relationship between child soldiers and the universal/relative human rights dichotomy?

The use of child soldiers undermines the universal conceptualization of human rights and justice because of the divergent views on the acceptability of its practice.The use of child soldiers supports the relative conceptualization of human rights and justice, because child soldiers are engaged in warfare to achieve justice on a local level.The issue of age for defining child soldiers underscores regional differences in defining childhood and, consequently, encumbers the establishment of international norms to protect children.The use of child soldiers is limited to specific regions; therefore, it is a relative and not a universal human rights issue.

24. Complete the following statement.International efforts to eradicate the practice of female genital cutting:

must tread a fine line between advocating for the rights of girls/women and respecting the norms and values perpetuated by male members of local communities.must tread a fine line between cultural sensitivity and human rights advocacy.inherently interfere with the principle of state sovereignty.inherently interfere with the principle of self-determination.

25. Which of the following scenarios best depicts the potential clash between the right to property and the use thereof, an individual human right, and the human need for food?

A drought severely reduces the harvest.A farmer grows corn for ethanol for greater profits.A farmer grows genetically modified corn for greater yields.A store owner refuses to stock canned vegetables.

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know? Privacy | Terms |

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com