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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Basic Pathophysiology
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Pathophysiology is a medical science that studies how diseases affect the body's systems. It combines the study of pathology (the causes and effects of disease) and physiology (how the body's systems function).

Related Test: Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Basic Anatomy, Physiology, and Medical Terminology 

Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Basic Pathophysiology
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25 Questions

1. A patient who is weak informs you that she has a history of her 'iron being too low.' This should concern the EMT because iron is needed to:
2. A confused and lethargic 24-year-old male patient has intentionally overdosed on a narcotic medication. His vital signs are as follows: pulse, 36; respirations, 10 breaths/min; blood pressure, 50/20 mmHg; and SpO2, 88% with 15 liters per minute of oxygen applied by Emergency Medical Responders. What is the greatest danger to this patient's well-being?
3. A 35-year-old male patient is lethargic and dehydrated after working at a construction site for 12 hours on a very hot day. You obtain the following vital signs: pulse, 136; respirations, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 102/88 mmHg; and SpO2, 100% with supplemental oxygen. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize:
4. What is the protective mechanism underlying a narrowed pulse pressure?
5. The EMT would most likely see a narrowed pulse pressure in a patient who:
6. What is the best way to decrease a patient's afterload?
7. A young patient is experiencing epiglottitis. He is working hard to breathe, has stridorous respirations, and is extremely hypoxic. His skin is cyanotic and his pulse is rapid but strong. What is the most likely cause (not result) of the poor delivery of oxygen to the cells?
8. A drop in blood pressure below a critical threshold is a threat to the body because it directly impairs:
9. A chronically elevated afterload increases the patient's chance for developing which pathological condition?
10. What is the primary stimulus to breathe in human beings without pulmonary diseases?
11. A patient has a blood pressure of 140/98 mmHg. What can the EMT ascertain from this reading?
12. Which condition would directly compromise the average patient's cardiac output?
13. For a patient who is acutely bleeding, what is the immediate response of the human body?
14. When a patient has a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring?
15. A patient with a high fever has an accelerated metabolism and is producing abnormally large amounts of carbon dioxide at the cellular level. To compensate for this effect, what will occur?
16. A patient has been shot three times in the abdomen and has massive internal hemorrhage and blood loss. Which treatment will give this patient the best chance at survival?
17. What situation could impair a patient's respiratory status by directly damaging the central chemoreceptors of the body?
18. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump can result in:
19. Which statement about the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in a healthy person is true?
20. What is the result of an opening developing that allows air into the space between the visceral and parietal pleura of the thorax?
21. What happens after a cell in anaerobic metabolism breaks down glucose and creates energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
22. Which statement about chemoreceptors in the human body is true?
23. For a patient breathing in room air, the EMT would estimate the FiO2 to be:
24. Assessment of a hypoxic patient who is showing signs of fatigue and has a history of lung disease reveals him to be using well-developed accessory muscles to exhale. As an EMT, you should recognize that the patient:
25. A patient is hemorrhaging internally within his colon, which in turn is impairing perfusion to the cells of his body. Aside from the bleeding, the patient has no other problems. In this scenario, the problem impairing adequate perfusion would be:

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