English Grammar Glossary
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English Grammar Glossary
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1. a past (–ed) or present (–ing) form of a verb that can be used as an adjective (the howling wind), a noun (photographing animals is great), or part of a multipart verb when used with an auxiliary or helping verb (was eating or had been ).

2. a context-specific idiomatic phrase, such as break down , comprising a verb or adverb + a preposition. It usually means something different from its literal interpretation.

3. the system of rules and practices that govern the way a language works.

4. using the same form of repetition within a sentence, as in 'He ate two eggs, two waffles, and three strawberries.'

5. a word or phrase that indicates something different from the actual words, as in 'My brother is sawing logs in his room.'

6. a noun or pronoun that serves as the subject of a verb, as in 'We went.'

7. a descriptive word that modifies a noun, as in beautiful , lively , funny , large , and red .

8. the most extreme form of an adjective, positive or negative, such as wettest .

9. an –ing verb that functions as a noun, as in 'Cooking is a special joy for me.'

10. the type of English spoken by people of the United States and, sometimes, Canada (but usually only when they have been influenced by American popular culture).

11. words such as that , which , who , and when ; they connect a clause that relates to the main part of the sentence. For example, 'I ate food that I brought to work.'

12. a word in which two letters, such as nt , are joined by an apostrophe to indicate that there is a missing letter or letters between them. For example, can’t = cannot .

13. a noun or verb that refers to just one person or thing, as opposed to more than one.

14. the part of the sentence being acted upon by the subject, as in 'The dog ate my homework .'

15. words that sound the same but are different in meaning, spelling, or origins.

16. an expression of a verb that indicates time or duration, as in past tense used to describe the word sat , or future tense to describe the words will sit .

17. two or more words that modify a noun, such as 'my new pen,' 'the woman who stole yard signs ,' and 'the competition to win .'

18. a noun or verb that indicates more than one person or thing, as in 'three chairs .'

19. a range of symbols that illustrate how sentences divide, and that help clarify meaning. For example, 'Let’s eat, Grandma' differs from 'Let’s eat Grandma.'

20. the way we arrange a sentence so that it is active ('I broke the lamp') or passive ('The lamp was broken by me ').

21. a verb that does not follow conventional forms such as 'I laugh,' 'He laughs,' and 'You laughed.' Instead, an irregular verb might read, 'I go ,' 'He goes ,' and 'You went .'

22. a word from which other words can be constructed, as in spire leading to aspire , perspire , respire , conspire , and others.

23. the part of a sentence that includes the verb, as in 'He [subject] went to the store [predicate].'

24. a noun that is doing the acting in a sentence, as in 'Emma ate lunch.'

25. a letter in the alphabet that creates a specific closed sound, such as d , t , or m . English has 21 consonants.

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