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Biology Review

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Biology Review

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1. How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.Plasmids are small loops of extra dna that aren't part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.

2. How do plants grow?

3. Why are gametes haploid?

4. What are plasmids?

5. When might asexual reproduction happen?

So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.- when bacteria split to make more bacteria - when plants make new plantlets that split off from the parent plant to grow on their own.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.

6. What are prebiotics?

Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.Prebiotics promote the growth of 'good' bacteria. Prebiotics are carbohydrates that we can't digest. The occur naturally in foods like leeks but some people take supplements for significant effect. They could help improve your digestive system.So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.

7. What is a gene?

A gene is a short piece of dna that codes for a specific protein. You have genes for hair structure - eye colour enzymes and every other protein in your body.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.

8. What are haploid cells?

9. What might affect the rate of photosynthesis (limiting factors)?

Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.- light intensity (night = no light) - concentration of co2 - temperature (winter = cold - in an experiment you could use different temperature water baths)

10. What is magnification?

How much bigger the image is that the specimenSo that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.

11. What is a partially permeable membrane?

12. Why do plants and animals grow and develop?

13. What can a beneficial mutation do?

14. What are diploid cells?

So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.Cells that have two sets of chromosomes. Human body cells are diploid.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.

15. What could a harmful mutation change do?

A harmful mutation could cause a genetic disorder - for example - cystic fibrosisSo that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.

16. Who discovered the structure of dna? - rosalind franklin and maurice wilkins worked out dna had a helical structure by directing beams of x-rays onto crystallised dna and looking at the patterns of x-rays formed as they bounced off. - james watson and francis crick used these ideas along with the idea the amount of adenine+guanine matched the amount of thymine+cytosine to make a model of the dna molecule where all the pieces fitted together.

Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.What would be a practical to extract dna?(6 Marker) - mash or chop fruit or vegetable (e.g kiwi) and mix with salty water and detergent to break open the cells and help release the dna from the nuclei. - add protease enzyme to the filtered mixture to break up proteins in cell membranes and so release more dna. - add ice cold ethanol carefully down inside the tube into the mixture. The ethanol makes the dna separate from the liquid so it is easy to lift out.

17. How does the structure of the gut help digestion?

Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.- theres longitudional muscles down the length of the gut and circular muscles running in circles around the gut - the muscles squeeze the food along. This squeezing action is called peristalsis - waves of circular muscle contraction push the food along the gut - waves of longitudional muscle contractions run slightly ahead t help keep the food in a ballSo that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.

18. Why do some people thing genetic engineering is a bad thing?

- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.Some people are worried about the long-term effects of genetic engineering - that it may create some unplanned problems such as: - some thing gm crops will affect the number of weeds and flowers (therefore wildlife) that usually lives in and around the crops - reducing farmland biodiversity - not everyone is convinced that gm crops are safe - people worry the may develop allergies to the food - some worry transplanted genes may get out into the natural environment e.g herbicide resistance may be picked up by weeds creating a superweed.So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.

19. What does the collagen do?

20. What are embryonic stem cells?

Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.Embryonic stem cells are taken from embryos that contain only a few cells. The cells in the embryo are all the same (undifferentiated). Stem cells are easy to extract from an embryo. They can also produce any type of cell.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.

21. What do arteries do?

- arteries carry blood under pressure. - the heart pumps the blood out at high pressure so the artery walls are strong and elastic - the walls are thick compared to the size of the hole down the middle (the 'lumen). They contain thick layers of muscle to make them strong- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.

22. What are situations where mitosis is used to produce new cells?

23. What are pooters?

- pooters are for collecting ground insects - pooters are jars that have rubber bungs sealing the top - and two tubes stuck through the book - if you suck the shorter tube and put the end of the longer tube over an insect - it'll be sucked into the jar - fine mesh strips stop the insect from being breathed inSo that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.

24. What is urea?

So that when two gametes combine at fertillisation - the resulting cell (zygote) has the right number of chromosomes. Zygotes are diploid - they have two copies of each chromosome.- leaves are broad so theres are large surface area exposed to light - leaves contain lots of chlorophyll in chloroplasts to absorb sunlight - leaves have little holes called stomata. That open and close to let gases like co2 and 02 in and out. They also allow water vapour to escape which is known as transpiration.Continuously. Plants continue to differntiate to develop new parts e.g leaves and roots.A waste product formed in the liver. The blood transports it to the kidneys where it is removed.

25. How do people use percentile charts?

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
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