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Phobias

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Phobias

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1. Cognitive

The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themCritics of the behaviourist theory of phobias suggest afflictions such as agoraphobia are better explained through the motivation of to be _____ rather than to reduce anxiety / fear. This would explain why some agoraphobics can leave the house if accompanied.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

2. Reciprocal inhibition

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themCritics of the behaviourist theory of phobias suggest afflictions such as agoraphobia are better explained through the motivation of to be _____ rather than to reduce anxiety / fear. This would explain why some agoraphobics can leave the house if accompanied.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

3. Systematic desensitisation

Critics of the behaviourist theory of phobias suggest afflictions such as agoraphobia are better explained through the motivation of to be _____ rather than to reduce anxiety / fear. This would explain why some agoraphobics can leave the house if accompanied.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themI. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

4. Safe

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.Critics of the behaviourist theory of phobias suggest afflictions such as agoraphobia are better explained through the motivation of to be _____ rather than to reduce anxiety / fear. This would explain why some agoraphobics can leave the house if accompanied.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of them

5. Social learning theory

The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themClassical conditioning - Fears are acquired when an individual associates a neutral stimulus with a fear response.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

6. Classical conditioning

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.Behaviourists believe this is what causes phobias; an association between an unpleasant experience and a neutral stimulus occurs - which results in the development of a conditioned fear response.

7. Systematic desensitisation

1. gradual process 2)patient taught stress management techniques 3)patient creates hierarchy - Muscular relaxation is induced and patient works through the hierarchy gradually applying relaxation. Systematic desensitisation strength - supporting research evidence - Mcgrath et al reported 75% patients with phobias responded to systematic desensitisation - Contradictory research evidence against systematic desensitisation - Oman et al suggested systematic desensitisation may not be effective on phobias with underlying evolutionary cause.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.

8. Seligman (1971)

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.Suggested we have innate biological preparedness which causes us to fear certain stimuli more - as fear helped our ancestors to survive. This would explain why fears of animals (especially snakes or spiders) are common and why fears of modern threats are less common (e.g. guns or cars).The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

9. Flooding strength

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.- it is cost-effective Studies have found that flooding is quicker and more cost-effective than alternatives.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

10. Behavioural explanation for phobias

Two process theory (mowrer) - classical conditioning + operant conditioningThe behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themI. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

11. Anxiety reduction

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.The two-process model claims phobias are maintained by this need.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of them

12. Specific phobias

A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.A persistent - irrational fear of a specific object or situation.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themI. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.

13. Watson and raynor

The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.Conducted an experiment on little albert. Presented him with white rat and he showed no fear - when reached to touch the rat researchers made a loud noise behind him. Noise upset albert who soon became fearful of the rat because he had associated the rat with the loud noiseI. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.

14. Evolutionary explanation for phobias

A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.Some stimuli are more likely to be feared than others such as snakes and darkness. Ancient fears posed a real danger to ancestors and modern fears are an exaggeration of these.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of them

15. Systematic desensitisation strength - suitable for a diverse range of patients

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.Alternatives to sd are not suitable for all patients such as young children or people with learning difficulties - because the alternatives are traumatic or involve reflection on thoughts.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of them

16. Little albert

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themWatson and rayner were able to cause this subject to fear white rats and similar stimuli through classical conditioning

17. Flooding definition

A behavioural therapy in which a patient is exposed to an extreme form of the phobic stimulus in order to reduce anxiety triggered by that stimulus.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of them

18. Two-process model

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.States phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioningThe behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

19. Negative reinforcement

This occurs when a phobic sufferer is 'rewarded' for avoiding a stimulus. The reward is a lack of fear / anxiety. This then encourages them to repeat their avoidance behaviour in order to achieve less fear / anxiety in the futureThe behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.

20. Operant conditioning

The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.Behaviourists believe this is what maintains phobias; people get a 'reward' of anxiety relief by avoiding a stimulus (negative reinforcement) - and also comfort from peers (positive reinforcement)

21. Agoraphobia

A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themHaving anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult.

22. Social phobias

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.An excessive and persistent fear of particular social situations.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of them

23. Bregman

Failed to condition a fear response in infants aged 8-16 months by pairing loud noise with wooden blocks.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of them

24. Bounton (2007)

The behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themPointed out that evolutionary factors are not considered in the two-process model but likely have a significant role in phobias.I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.A behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

25. Mowrer (1960)

I. is impossible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time - one emotion prevents the other. This is used in systematic desensitisation.Proposed the two-process model - suggesting classical conditioning causes phobias and operant conditioning causes them to continueThe behaviourist approach is accused of failing to address the ____________ aspects of phobias - the distortions in perception people have of stimuli or the opinions of themA behavioural therapy deigned to reduce an unwanted response - such as anxiety - to a phobic stimulus and associate it with relaxation rather than anxiety. this is called counterconditioning.

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know? Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson© 2026 Fatskills.com

All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com