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POLSC402 Final Exam Global Justice

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MCQs on contemporary debates and controversies regarding global justice. Topics include: human rights theory, the moral significance of national and cultural boundaries, the currency of distributive justice, global inequality and poverty, environmental devastation, and violence against women and children.

POLSC402 Final Exam Global Justice

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25 Questions

1. Which of the following statements best captures the divergent views on global justice by the western and non-western worlds?

The western and non-western worlds have the same perspective on what constitutes global justice; they merely differ in assessing the severity of global injustices.The western world, by and large, places a higher emphasis on domestic factors in explaining injustices, while the non-western world tends to focus on global structural dynamics to explain injustices.The non-western world points to the historical injustices of colonialism as the culprit for contemporary injustices, while the western world seeks to downplay the historical dimension of global injustices.According to the western world, global justice comes about with the elimination of barriers to trade; conversely, according to the non-western world, global justice is a consequence of fair trade practices.

2. Which of the following statements most aptly summarizes divergent views on responsibility for world poverty?

Some argue that world poverty constitutes a human rights violation on the part of the industrialized states, while others argue that world poverty is solely a consequence of poor policy planning and implementation within individual states.Divergent views on responsibility for world poverty result from a fundamentally different understanding of historical dynamics that shaped the current global order.Responsibility for world poverty is placed with multinational corporations who engage in the ruthless exploitation of workers in far-flung places or, alternatively, is placed with global economic structures that inherently disadvantage developing states.Some contend that responsibility for world poverty rests primarily with the affluent and the global economic structures perpetuated by them, while others maintain that poverty is a domestic human rights violation that may or may not have been shaped by global dynamics.

3. Which of the following concepts seem to be at odds with each other when states pursue 'nation-building' policies in territories with multiple ethnic minorities?

State sovereignty and self-determinationNationalism and cosmopolitanismState sovereignty and human rightsSelf-determination and nationalism

4. Which of the following statements best reflects the significance of David Hume's writings on justice for contemporary global political discourse?

An understanding of justice that is grounded in the mutual usefulness of its merits should serve as a guiding principle for political interactions at the global level.Hume's conceptualization of justice has no bearing on contemporary global political discourse, because the societal need for self-preservation has overcome the utility of justice.The diversity of societal conceptualizations of justice renders Hume's musings on this topic meaningless for today's world.During times of war, the utility of justice ceases to exist; hence, global justice is impossible given the temporal pervasiveness of warfare.

5. In what way do international human rights instruments, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, contribute to the efforts of bringing the practice of early marriages to an end?

International human rights instruments, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, have no bearing on early marriages as there is no enforcement mechanism on the global level.The Convention on the Rights of the Child sets the minimum age for marriage at 21, which is binding to all ratifying states.International human rights instruments create firm guidelines agreed upon by the international community and provide the impetus for national governments to bring national laws into compliance with international law.The Convention on the Rights of the Child, ratified by all states except the US and Somalia, allows for perpetrators of children's human rights violations to be prosecuted by the International Criminal Court, thus maintaining an effective enforcement mech

6. In what way does Hugo Grotius' understanding of natural law contribute to international law?

Natural law gives rise to international law, because God regulates all interactions.Natural law, grounded in the rational nature of human beings, undermines the role of the state in regulating interpersonal relations and therefore positions international law at an individual level.Natural law, grounded in the human need for self-preservation and sociability, extends into all spheres of human interactions; hence, interpersonal as well as interstate relations are regulated by natural law.Natural law is the source of international law, because natural law can be modified as needed to conform to cultural variations within the myriad societies of the world.

7. What is the difference between positive duties and negative duties with respect to alleviating world poverty?

Negative duties connote the responsibility to provide aid to the poor, while positive duties refer to the responsibility to not do harm by seeking change to the structural arrangements that perpetuate global poverty.Positive duties connote the responsibility to provide aid to the poor, while negative duties refer to the responsibility to not do harm by seeking change to the structural arrangements that perpetuate global poverty.Both terms, positive duties and negative duties, refer to the same moral responsibility to provide aid to the poor.Positive duties refer to the direct involvement of affluent countries to better the lives of the poor, while negative duties refer to the abstention of involvement to allow poor countries to lift themselves out of poverty.

8. Which of the following describes one way in which the human rights framework contributes to the advancement of global justice?

Human rights serve as a policy instrument used by actors such as states, IGOs, and NGOs to effect policy and behavior changes of other actors.The human rights framework publicly criticizes the actions of foreign governments, demanding compliance with international human rights law.The general global acceptance of the notion of human rights accords significant authority to the United Nations to enforce human rights law, advancing the ideals of global justice.The topic of human rights is so delicate that world leaders shy away from the subject in diplomatic meetings, ensuring non-interference in the domestic affairs of other states.

9. Which of the following human rights are NOT generally violated in the life experiences of gays and lesbians throughout the world?

The right to free associationThe right to languageThe right to workThe right to freedom of movement

10. Protecting and promoting human rights, and therefore furthering justice, is more challenging in the existing state system because of which of the following political concepts?

SovereigntyInterdependenceGlobal governanceSelf-determination

11. Which of the following statements best describes the apparent link between luck egalitarianism and age?

By virtue of their age, children are disadvantaged in many situations through no fault of their own, which is considered unfair by luck egalitarianism.According to luck egalitarianism, children are inherently 'lucky' as others typically prioritize meeting their needs.Luck egalitarianism contends that the very young and the elderly should not be considered in the overall pursuit of global justice as local communities are better suited to ensure their needs.Luck egalitarianism holds that age, along with additional criteria such as race and education level, is an essential element for determining the allocation of resources.

12. Does the principle of non-discrimination intrinsically further the goals of global justice?Why, or why not?

Yes, the principle of non-discrimination guarantees fairness, which is central to global justice.No, the principle of non-discrimination does not allow for developed states to provide disaster relief aid to developing states.No, pursuing non-discriminatory policies might actually perpetuate global injustice, because these policies ignore relative strengths and weaknesses as well as the reasons for these differences.Yes, the pursuit of policies on a non-discriminatory basis creates a level playing field for all actors.

13. What does 'globalization of environmental injustice' mean?

Enhanced communication and transportation links have enabled multinational corporations to divest their primary consumer bases from the negative environmental consequences of their activities.Increased transnational practices of resource depletion and manufacturing as well as transboundary pollution and waste disposal have resulted in a mounting number of local communities having to suffer the consequences of such economic activity.In the early twentieth century, indigenous peoples—whose territories were appropriated for economic gain—experienced environmental justice; the expansion of economic globalization witnessed a growth in affected communities to include racial and ethnic minMultinational mining corporations, operating in various parts of the developing world, ensure that the burdens of mineral extraction are shared equally throughout the world.

14. Complete the following statement.Individual and collective human rights can best be understood as:

mutually exclusive.manifestations of the universal-relative tension of human rights thought.intrinsically interdependent.irrelevant for global justice.

15. Which of the following statements about patriotism is true?

Patriotism is a valuable instrument to further the goals of global justice.Patriotism has no bearing on issues of global justice.Patriotism must be understood in its varied forms to assess its impact on issues of global justice.Patriotism is inherently detrimental to global justice.

16. In which of the following ways does the International Criminal Court contribute to peace and justice?

The International Criminal Court, charged with prosecuting the worst violators of the crimes of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, contributes to justice through the removal of impunity.The International Criminal Court has no bearing on justice, because the vast majority of states refuse to abide by the Rome Statute and do not recognize the authority of the International Criminal Court.The International Criminal Court contributes to peace and justice by creating international law that compels states to seek peaceful solutions to conflict situations.The International Criminal Court, in existence since 1948, has the authority to prosecute individuals and states accused of violating human rights; its high conviction rate serves as a deterrent for future abuses.

17. Complete the following statement.As currently understood, protected and promoted in the global context, human rights:

have evolved to reflect the increasing diversity of global decision-makers and the peoples they represent.have resolved the tensions between 'western' and 'non-western' conceptualizations of human rights.are valued for their inherently 'western' orientation.are derived solely from the practices and norms of the 'non-western' majority of the world.

18. Which of the following is NOT an example of global rectificatory justice?

Japan's apology to South Korea for colonial ruleGerman reparation payments to the state of IsraelEuropean aid to the victims of the 2010 earthquake in HaitiThe policy of affirmative action in favor of African-Americans in the US

19. Which of the following statements is true with respect to nationalist and cosmopolitan orientations to global justice?

Nationalists hold that global justice should be conceived not along lines of equality but of sufficiency, while cosmopolitans contend that some form of the equality principle is essential for global justice.Nationalists contend that global justice, based on full equality, is not possible, while cosmopolitans hold that global justice depends on full equality of opportunity.Nationalists and cosmopolitans place different values on the sense of responsibility to co-nationals and non-nationals, but this differentiation has no bearing on their understanding of global justice.Nationalists argue that nationality inherently plays a role in the pursuit of justice, and cosmopolitans argue that the patriotic sentiment is conducive to global justice.

20. What is the primary source of justice for any society according to David Hume?

According to Hume, the source of justice is its utility for interpersonal relations.Hume argues that justice stems from divine interventions into human society.Hume contends that human nature and the natural environment necessitate societies to adhere to certain rules; it is the utility of these rules to the public good that gives rise to justice.According to Hume, the notion of justice springs from the chaos societies find themselves in in times of war.

21. Complete the following statement.Institutions such as the International Criminal Court:

attempt to overcome the lack of a global agent for global justice and provide effective mechanisms for redress of grievances for victims of human rights abuse.ensure that victims of human rights abuse are fairly compensated for their experiences.fulfill the role of human rights arbiter and are equally respected as such by all states and local communities.guarantee full participatory rights for individuals and groups seeking justice for genocidal crimes.

22. Which of the following statements best describes the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples?

The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples recognizes the communal orientation of indigenous peoples; therefore, the declaration includes only collective human rights.The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is the first legally binding international human rights document that espouses the principle of self-determination for indigenous peoples.The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is unique in its approach to protecting the rights of minorities in that it obligates states to seek mutually beneficial solutions to situations that affect the cultural integrity of indigenous peopleThe UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples explicitly refers to a number of collective rights, including the right to self-determination, but continues to privilege individual civil and political rights.

23. Which of the following statements is a meaningful differentiation between soldiers and child soldiers in the pursuit of justice?

International law, in an attempt to curb the practice of child soldiering, generally offers leniency to child soldiers for their crimes.International law generally does not allow for the prosecution of child soldiers (anyone under 18) for war crimes.Child soldiers are always considered victims, while soldiers are never considered victims.International organizations provide reintegration programs to child soldiers but not soldiers.

24. Which of the following statements most aptly reflects the relationship between justice and human rights?

Human rights and justice are only related to each other if human rights are equated with human needs.The protection and promotion of human rights depends upon the development of a single worldwide system of justice.Human rights and justice are inherently incompatible in a global context because of the lack of a universal understanding of human rights.Human rights provide the conceptual and practical framework within which to operationalize justice based on various societies' codes of morality.

25. Complete the following statement.The denial of group rights to national minorities:

is an exclusive manifestation of western imperialism as demonstrated by European subjugation of colonized peoples.is a popular tactic employed by state governments to ensure territorial integrity given the penchant for secession of minority groups.occurs when individualism is valued over collectivism.occurs when dominant societies feel threatened by the interests of minorities to maintain cultural integrity.

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25 Questions

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com