Deterministic (tissue reaction) effects have a threshold dose and severity increases with dose (e.g., skin erythema, cataracts). Stochastic effects have no threshold; probability increases with dose but severity does not (e.g., cancer, genetic effects). Worked example: A worker receives 3 Gy localized skin dose → risk of deterministic skin injury. A worker receives 10 mSv whole-body effective dose → increased stochastic cancer risk probability, but not guaranteed.
Deterministic (tissue reaction) effects have a threshold dose and severity increases with dose (e.g., skin erythema, cataracts). Stochastic effects have no threshold; probability increases with dose but severity does not (e.g., cancer, genetic effects).
Worked example: A worker receives 3 Gy localized skin dose → risk of deterministic skin injury. A worker receives 10 mSv whole-body effective dose → increased stochastic cancer risk probability, but not guaranteed.
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