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PCAT Biology Genetics
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PCAT Biology Genetics
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25 Questions

1. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny

2. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids

3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced

4. Initiation - elongation - and termination

5. Basic unit of heredity

6. New codon may code for a different amino acid

7. Chromosome fragment

8. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form

9. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus

10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets

11. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations

12. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide

13. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)

14. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection

15. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species

16. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously

17. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism

18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating

19. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis

20. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group

21. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual

22. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins

23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome

24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle

25. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex

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