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PCAT Biology Respiration
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PCAT Biology Respiration
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25 Questions

1. The process that produces more than 90% of the ATP used by the cells in our body

2. Glycolysis yields 2 ATP/glucose -cell respiration yields 36-38 ATP

3. Occurs only in yeast and some bacteria -the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted to ethanol -NAD+ is regenerated and glycolysis can continue

4. These sources are used by the body in the following preferential order: other carbohydrates - fats - and proteins

5. The entrance of air into the lungs and the gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood

6. Every cell is in contact with the external environment (water) - and respiratory gases can be exchanged between the cell and the environment by simple diffusion through the cell membrane

7. Refers to all of the reactions involved in this process (i.e. - glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the formation of ethanol or lactic acid) and only produces only two ATP per glucose molecule

8. Removes an ammonia molecule directly from the amino acid

9. Aerobic process; oxygen acts as the final acceptor of electrons that are passed from carrier to carrier during the final stage of glucose oxidation -can be divided into three stages: pyruvate decarboxylation - the citric acid cycle - and the electron

10. In living cells - carbohydrates and fats

11. Stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglyceride -must be activated in the cytoplasm; this process requires two ATP -transported into the mitochondrion and taken through a series of beta-oxidation cycles that convert it into two- carbon fragments

12. Reductions occur in a series of these steps

13. First stage of glucose catabolism that is a series of reactions that lead to the oxidative breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate - the production of ATP - and the reduction of NAD+ into NADH and occurs in cytoplasm

14. Air enters the lungs after traveling througha series of respiratory airways -gas exchange between the lungs and the circulatory system occurs across the very thin walls of the alveol -primary function is to provide the necessary energy for growth - m

15. Trachaea open to the surface in openings called spiracles which permits the intake - distribution - and removal of respiratory gases directly between the air and the body cells by diffusion

16. Complex carrier mechanism located on the inside of the inner mitochondrial membrane -During oxidative phosphorylation - ATP is produced when high-energy potential electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen by a series of carrier molecule

17. The conversion of the chemical energy in these bonds into the usable energy needed to drive the processes of living cells

18. Pyruvate is reduced during the process of fermentation in the absence of oxygen

19. Cycle begins when the two carbon acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate - a four-carbon molecule - to form the six carbon citrate -For each turn - one ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation via a GTP intermediate (e- are

20. Converts the energy of the sun into the chemical energy of bonds in comopunds such as glucose

21. The exchange of gas exchange between the blood and the cells and the intracellular processes of respiration

22. Isomerized into PGAL (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) so that it can be used in subsequent reactions

23. Degradation of one glucose molecules yields a net of two ATP from glycolysis and one ATP for each turn of the Krebs cycle. thus - a total of four ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation

24. Toxic substance in vertebrates

25. Electron carriers that resemble hemoglobin in the structure of their active site

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