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PCAT Biology Vertebrate Embryology
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PCAT Biology Vertebrate Embryology
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1. This system not only supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus but removes CO2 and metabolic wastes as well -two components of this system are the placenta and umbilical cord - which both develop in the first few weeks after fertilization

2. Epithelial linings of the digestive and respiratory tracts (including the lungs) and parts of the liver - pancreas - thyroid - and bladder lining

3. The body organs begin to form. in this process - the cells interact - differentiate - change physical shape - proliferate - and migrate

4. Occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the oviduct when sperm traveling from the vagina encounter an egg -can occur within 12-24 hours after ovulation

5. Encloses the yolk. blood vessels in the yolk sac transfer food to the developing embryo

6. Accomplished by labor

7. Cells at the tip of each neural fold and give rise to sensory ganglia - autonomic ganglia - adrenal medulla - and Schwann cells

8. Eggs develop in women and sperm develop in men - which results in the possibility of reproduction occuring

9. Begins when the morula develops a blastocoel

10. Organs increase in size - which is a continual process from infancy to childhood to adulthood

11. Integument (including the epidermis - hair - nails - and epithelium of the nose - mouth - and anal canal) - the lens of the eye - the retina and the nervous system

12. Characterized by continued rapid growth and further brain development -antibodies are transported by highly selective active transport from the mother to the fetus for protection against foreign matter

13. Major organs begin to develop -cartilaginous skeleton begins to turn into bone by the seventh week -organs will form - brain is fairly developed - and the embryo is referred to as a fetus

14. Membrane encloses the amniotic fluid. amniotic fluid provides an aqueous environment that protects the developing embryo from shock

15. A series of strong uterine contractions

16. Fluid-filled cavity developed through blastulation

17. A rod of mesodermal cells that develops along the longitudinal axis just under the dorsal layer of ectoderm

18. The study of the development of a unicellular zygote into a complete - multicellular organism

19. Includes organogenesis - growth - gametogenesis

20. Three-layered structure that is created when cell migrations - once implanted in the uterus - transform the single-cell layer of blastula

21. Process that - by the end of gastrulation - regions of the germ layers begin to develop into a rudimentary nervous system

22. The fetus does a termendous amount of growing -begins to move around in the amniotic fluid - its face appears human - and its toes and fingers elongate

23. A series of rapid mitotic divisions in early embryonic development -lead to an increase in cell number without a corresponding growth in cell protoplasm

24. Characterized by rapid contractions - resulting in the birth of the baby - folllowed by the cutting of the umbilical cord

25. Solid ball of embryonic cells when cell division occurs

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