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Science of Everyday Thinking
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Science of Everyday Thinking
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1. The tendency to prefer things to stay the same. This is similar to loss-aversion bias, where people prefer to avoid losses instead of acquiring gains.

2. 1) a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc., are better than others that usually results in treating some people unfairly 2) a strong interest in something or ability to do something

3. a quantitative statistical analysis of several separate but similar experiments or studies in order to test the pooled data for statistical significance

4. the rejection of evidence that contradicts your point of view

5. 1) involving or serving as an aid to learning, discovery, or problem-solving by experimental and especially trial-and-error methods 2) to exploratory problem-solving techniques that utilize self-educating techniques (as the evaluation of feedback) to improve performance

6. inclination to assuming that your beliefs are more widely held than they actually are

7. People take action in response to extreme situations. Then when the situations become less extreme, they take credit for causing the change, when a more likely explanation is that the situation was reverting to the mean.

8. 1) a shorter, quicker, or easier way to get to a place 2) a quicker or easier way to do something

9. tendency of people to accept general descriptions as uniquely relevant to them

10. The tendency to underestimate how much time it will take to complete a task

11. is a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that proves one's preconceptions leading to statistical errors

12. assessing the likelihood of an occurrence by matching it with a preexisting category

13. The tendency to put more emphasis on negative experiences rather than positive ones

14. The tendency to see past events as predictable. Believing we'd have accurately predicted the outcome of an event, after that outcome is actually known

15. A practical principle that comes from the wisdom of experience and is usually but not always valid: 'When playing baseball, a good rule of thumb is to put your best hitter fourth in the batting order.'

16. a device usually of metal attached to a ship or boat by a cable and cast overboard to hold it in a particular place by means of a fluke that digs into the bottom

17. a term used in psychology to describe the common human tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decisions

18. a change in procedure, law, or action, will result in adverse consequences. (e.g., If we allow doctor assisted suicide, then eventually the government will control how we die.) It does not necessarily follow that just because we make changes that a slippery slope will occur.

19. Applying criteria or rules to one belief, claim, argument, or position but not to others. For example, some consumer advocates argue that we need stronger regulation of prescription drugs to ensure their safety and effectiveness, but at the same time argue that medicinal herbs should be sold with no regulation for either safety or effectiveness.

20. conscious mental activities : the activities of thinking, understanding, learning, and remembering

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