1.
-cells of the innate immune system named for the dense granules, containing reactive oxygen compounds and cytokines in their cytoplasm
-include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils

2.
Protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens

3.
in presence of antigen, activate into Helper T Cells, & Cytotoxic (or killer) T Cells, Suppressor T Cells, & memory cells. Produced in bone marrow, mature in thymus (adaptive immune system).

4.
1) consumes pathogens; 2) alert T cells by presenting peptides of pathogen on its surface as an APC; 3) produced cytokines that alert other white blood cells. They are part of the innate immune system.

5.
(1) mast cells (in skin) release histamine, causing vasodilation in capillaries and increasing permeability (and swelling from fluid);
(2) neutrophils (which are most numerous of the phagocytes) are attracted to chemicals released by injured cells (chemokine) & escape capillaries;
(3) neutrophils, B-cells & T-cells go through the capillaries to the injured area

6.
cilia sweep pathogens out of the respiratory tract

7. common proteins and carbohydrates found on the surface that are not specific to one antigen

8. antibodies come from another person or animal - short term protection

9.
-degrades bacterial cell walls and causes them to lyse, or burst
-found in saliva, tears, and mucus

10. These attack and kill cells that contain intracellular pathogens or display abnormal surface antigens
ex: tumor cells

11.
plasma proteins that clean up pathogen & attract phagocytes as part of second line innate immune system

12.
-these small molecules are broad-spectrum antimicrobials that target and kill many bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens to prevent infection

13.
The collective swelling, pain, heat, and redness resulting from an innate immune system response

14.
The white blood cells that carry out the adaptive immune response (specific types of Lymphocytes include B Cells & T Cells)

15. proteins that specifically bind to specific viral antigens - mark for destruction by other phagocytes
-or coat them to render them noninfectious or target them for complement-mediated lysis
-antibodies can be acquired either by active immunity or passive immunity

16. if cells become infected, they secrete interferons
-a small chemical messenger, to signal nearby cells the presence of a foreign pathogen ad activate innate defenses in those cells

17. the virus responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leading to a loss of immune function
-when the cause of death is written as complications related to AIDS, this indicates that the individual succumbed to infections caused by pathogens that are typically harmless to healthy individuals

18. Which of the following best describes what occurs when an individual is infected with a viral pathogen two years after receiving a vaccination against that pathogen?

19. antibodies can be acquired through passive immunity through the introduction antibodies from an external source
-introduction of antibodies from an external source (breastfeeding)

20.
-B cell releases antibodies
-T cell forms a CD4+ T cell and a CD8+ T cell
-quick to respond but unable to form memory
-this system consists of granulocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells
-slower to respond b/c it must first be activated by antigen presentation by cells of the innate immunity system
-once activated, it will specifically target pathogens and host cells displaying the presented antigen
-includes both T and B cells
-normally self tolerant

21.
death of cells

22. Maturation and development of white blood cells does not take place in which region?
A. Spleen
B. Thymus gland
C. Lymph nodes
D. Bone marrow

23.
temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source

24. granulocytes responsible for killing parasites

25. present antigens to T cells