1.
-responsible for the generation of male gametes, sperm
-components: penis, scrotum, testicles, prostate, rectum, bladder, vas deferens, urethra

2. male gamete
-sperm are generated in the testes, which are housed in the scrotum
-sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules in the testes through the process of spermatogenesis
-after spermatogenesis, sperm cells travel to the epididymis, where they gin motility and are stored until ejaculation
-produced continuously in males after puberty!

3. hormone that leads to the maturation of one ovarian follicle and the thickening of the endometrium
-early in the cycle, it acts in a positive feedback loop to drive more FSH release, culminating in the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), which induces ovulation

4. induces ovulation, during which the ovarian follicle ruptures and releases the egg into a fallopian tube

5.
-during childbirth, the walls of the uterus contract to push the fetus out of the body through the vagina
-the fertilized ovum implants on the uterine wall, leading to pregnancy

6.
-the opening that connects the vagina and uterus
-the cervix dilates, increasing in diameter, to allow passage of the fetus during childbirth

7.
a gland that secretes a slightly alkaline fluid that enables the sperm to better survive the acidic female reproductive tract

8. process during which the endometrium (lining of uterus) is shed

9.
-duct through which urine and semen are expelled
-the ejaculatory ducts from the testes fuse here
-semen travels down the urethra and is ejected from the body through the penis
-also a part of the urinary system, as it connects to the bladder

10.
-a structure that develops from the endometrium during pregnancy to facilitate gas and nutrient exchange b/t the mother's body and the developing fetus
-site of nutrient and waste exchange for the developing fetus

11.
-responsible for the production of female gametes, ova, and the incubation of the fetus during pregnancy

12. Which of the following glands does NOT secrete nutrients into the ejaculatory duct during the formation of semen?

13.
-process by which ova are produced by meiotic division
-during oogenesis, 1 haploid ovum is produced from 1 diploid cell along w/ 2 polar bodies (dead-end products) through meiotic division, so females have a 1:1 diploid-to-haploid cell ratio whereas males have a 1:4 ratio
-discontinuous process b/c females are born w/ all the immature ova they will ever have
-during ovulation, 1 immature ovum completes the first division and is arrested in the second division; oogenesis is not complete until after the ovum is fertilized

14. structure that develops from the ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone
-the ruptured ovarian follicle develops into the corpus luteum and secretes progesterone to maintain the uterine lining
-in the absence of fertilization, the corpus lute atrophies, causing progesterone levels to drop and triggering menstruation, again resetting the cycle

15. Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis

16. 'Multiple forms of birth control function by preventing the release of the ovum through blocking ovulation. The action of which of the following hormones of the menstrual cycle is inhibited?"

17.
-highly vascularized lining of the uterus
-tissue w/ many blood vessels that nourishes the developing embryo
-forms the placenta

18.
-female gamete/egg
-produced in the ovaries through the process of oogenesis
-women are born w/ all the immature ova they will ever have
-during ovulation, 1 immature ovum completes the first division and is arrested in the second division; oogenesis is not complete until after the ovum is fertilized
-during ovulation, the immature ovum is released and travels through the fallopian tubes

19. phase in the menstrual cycle in which the ovarian follicle matures
-days 1 through 14
-the anterior pituitary releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which acts on the ovaries to induce the release of estrogen

20. passage b/w the cervix and the external genitalia in females
-fetus passes through during childbirth

21. structure in the ovaries that contains a developing ovum

22. approximately 28 days long, though it can vary among individuals
-can be subdivided into 2 halves: follicular phase and luteal phase
-caused by a drop in hormone levels, which resets the cycle
-regulated by the hormones FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone

23. phase in the menstrual cycle that starts following ovulation in which the corpus lute produces progesterone in preparation for fertilization of the ovum
-the ovum awaits fertilization
-days 14 through 28
-the ruptured ovarian follicle develops into the corpus luteum and secretes progesterone to maintain the uterine lining

24. Where does oogenesis occur in the female reproductive system?

25.
glands that secrete a viscous fluid that lubricates the male reproductive tract