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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Environmental Emergencies
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Environmental emergencies can include a variety of patient presentations, such as heat and cold exposure, toxic envenomation, exposure to allergens, and noxious plants.  Here are some symptoms of environmental emergencies: Hyperthermia: Elevated core temperature, muscle cramps, altered mental status, weakness, headache, nausea or vomiting, rapid, strong pulse at first, which deteriorates into thready pulse, deep, rapid breathing at first, which deteriorates into shallow and weak breathing, skin that is cool and moist during early stages, skin that is hot at late stages,... Show more
Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Environmental Emergencies
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25 Questions

1. The EMT would recognize that a hypothermic patient's condition is deteriorating when he observes:
2. You have been called to a residence for a patient who is sick. On scene, the family tells you that the patient is being treated for 'stomach flu' and has had a fever of 102°F for the past two days. She has been taking all of the medications prescribed by her doctor, but this evening became very 'sweaty.' Assessment shows her to be stable with a pulse of 88, respirations of 18 breaths/min, adequate blood pressure of 128/68 mmHg, and an oral temperature of 100.2°F. Based on these data, the EMT should recognize that:
3. An 18-month-old child has a temperature of 105.2°F. Without treatment, what will most likely occur?
4. You are providing a 'stand-by' service at the county fair. At midmorning, a 50-year-old male patient approaches your tent and states that he was bitten in the right shoulder by some sort of insect and has tremendous pain. Assessment reveals his shoulder to have a large reddened area with a sting mark in the middle. The skin is warm to the touch. Your care of this patient should include:
5. You are called for an elderly woman who has slipped on the ice. On arrival, you find her supine on an icy sidewalk and responsive to painful stimuli with decorticate posturing (flexion). She has blood coming from a laceration on the back of her head and is breathing agonally at 4 times a minute. What should you do immediately?
6. The primary assessment of a teenage male patient who is unresponsive with hot, moist, and flushed skin reveals his airway to be open, breathing shallow, and radial pulse weak. You have initiated positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen. What should you consider doing next?
7. You are giving a talk on hunting safety. A hunter asks you when someone should attempt to rewarm a hand or foot that is frostbitten. What is your best response?
8. The EMT should recognize heat cramps as the probable cause of a patient's problem when the patient states:
9. When moving a patient with severe generalized hypothermia, which of these instructions is most appropriate to relay to your fellow EMS providers?
10. Which of these conditions, in addition to cool temperatures, is necessary for trench foot to develop?
11. You are called to treat a homeless person who complains of an inability to walk due to sores and numbness of his feet. The EMR tells you that the patient is well oriented with good pulses and respiration but that his feet are edematous with open sores and broken-down skin. This finding is the typical result of which condition?
12. Which of these statements about immersion hypothermia is false?
13. A 44-year-old female patient was hiking in a state park when she was bitten by a snake in her left calf. To get help, she had to hike 4 miles to the first-aid station where you are located. The hike took her 1½ hours. Your assessment reveals a red and swollen area to her leg, and the patient complains of discomfort to that area. Closer inspection reveals two puncture wounds in the center of the affected area. The patient asks you if she is going to die from the snake bite. What would be your most appropriate reply?
14. A patient at a mountain ski resort presents to you with notable shortness of breath. She denies any past medical history and takes no medications. Your assessment reveals crackles to the bases of both lungs. After applying oxygen, you realize that the key to helping this patient improve is to:
15. You have been asked by your medical director to put together an emergency kit specifically for patients who have been stung or bitten by small marine life animals. Which of these items should you place in that kit?
16. After ensuring that there are no life-threatening conditions to the airway, breathing, and circulation, the priority in caring for a patient with hypothermia is:
17. You are en route to the hospital with a patient who is unresponsive and has hot, dry skin. His friends state that the patient had been drinking and passed out in the hot sun for several hours before 911 was called. An Emergency Medical Responder is ventilating the patient with a bag- valve mask attached to supplemental oxygen. Which of these actions would be most beneficial to the patient next?
18. A 31-year-old groundskeeper has been stung by bees three times in his right arm and twice to his left ankle. After performing the primary and secondary assessments, which reveal no acute disturbances, what should you do next?
19. A patient who is conscious and breathing has been pulled from a stream of cold water. To decrease her loss of heat via the mechanism of conduction, the EMT should immediately:
20. You have been called to a park for a teenage boy who is 'sick.' On scene, you find a 16- year-old male patient who knows his name but is confused about place and time. Friends state that they have been playing basketball most of the morning and afternoon. The temperature is in the 90s and the humidity is high. The patient's airway is patent and his breathing is fast but adequate. His pulse is weak and rapid. Observation of his skin reveals it to be pale, cool, and moist. Oxygen is being administered via nonrebreather face mask by Emergency First Responders. Which other step would be appropriate care for this patient?
21. A young female patient was weeding her garden when she was bitten on her left hand by an unidentified snake. The primary assessment does not reveal any life threats and vital signs are stable. In caring for this patient and her injury, it is critical that the EMT:
22. Regarding snakebites, which of these statements is true?
23. You are treating a male patient who is hypothermic. What should you do to decrease heat loss caused by radiation?
24. A patient with hypothermia is in cardiac arrest. The automated external defibrillator (AED) is applied and delivers one shock. Following the shock, what should the EMT do next?
25. You have been called to a residence for a spider bite. On scene, the homeowner states that he was moving some boxes in his garage when he accidentally grabbed a spider and it bit him. He killed the spider and shows you a brown-colored spider with a 'violin shape' on its back. He then states that the bite does not hurt and he sees no need to go to the hospital. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should state: