Broadcast Journalism 101: Digital Broadcast and Future Trends - Streaming News Channels CNN NBC News Now Social-First news

What This Is

Streaming news channels are online platforms that deliver breaking news, in-depth analysis, and live coverage to a global audience. These channels have revolutionized the way news is consumed, providing 24/7 access to news and information. A key element of streaming news channels is the ability to quickly deliver news in a concise and engaging manner, often using a combination of video, voice, and soundbites. For example, a VOSOT (Voice-Over Storytelling) package on CNN+ might combine a reporter's voiceover with footage of a natural disaster, followed by a soundbite from an expert or eyewitness, all within a 90-second time frame.

Key Terms & Production Elements

• Stand-up: Reporter speaking directly to camera on location – adds authority and a sense of place; use to transition or prove you're there.
• Nat sound (Natural Sound): Background audio recorded on location – brings a story to life; never leave home without recording room tone.
• B-Roll: Secondary footage that supports the main story – use to add visual interest and context.
• Voice-Over (VO): Pre-recorded narration that explains the story – use to provide background information or to add depth to a package.
• Soundbite: A short clip of audio that captures a key quote or statement – use to add emphasis and context.
• Lower Third: A graphic that displays the reporter's name and location – use to identify the reporter and provide context.
• Live Shot: A live broadcast from a remote location – use to provide real-time coverage of breaking news.
• Package: A self-contained news story that includes a stand-up, B-roll, and voice-over – use to deliver a comprehensive news story.
• VOSOT (Voice-Over Storytelling): A package that combines a voice-over with footage and soundbites – use to deliver a concise and engaging news story.
• LIVE Cross: A live broadcast from a remote location, often used for breaking news – use to provide real-time coverage and add a sense of urgency.

Step-by-Step Production How-To

1. Write a 30-second reader:
   • Keep it concise and focused on the main story.
   • Use a clear and conversational tone.
   • Use a script formatting style (e.g., 12-point font, double-spaced).
   • Practice reading it out loud to ensure a smooth delivery.
2. Structure a 90-second package:
   • Introduce the story with a hook (e.g., a surprising fact or a thought-provoking question).
   • Provide background information and context (e.g., a voice-over or B-roll).
   • Add a soundbite or expert quote to add emphasis and context.
   • Conclude the story with a summary and a call to action.
3. Set up a three-point lighting interview:
   • Use a key light (e.g., a softbox or a LED panel) to illuminate the subject's face.
   • Use a fill light (e.g., a softbox or a reflector) to soften the shadows and add depth.
   • Use a backlight (e.g., a hair light or a rim light) to separate the subject from the background.
4. Record a clean voice-over:
   • Use a high-quality microphone (e.g., a lavalier or a shotgun mic).
   • Record in a quiet room with minimal background noise.
   • Use a digital audio workstation (e.g., Audacity or Adobe Audition) to edit and mix the audio.
5. Set up a live shot:
   • Use a high-quality camera (e.g., a broadcast camera or a smartphone with a good camera).
   • Use a stable tripod or a jib to ensure smooth and stable footage.
   • Use a wireless microphone (e.g., a lavalier or a shotgun mic) to capture clear audio.

Common Mistakes

• Mistake: Reading a print article on air without rewriting it to make it more engaging and concise.
• Mistake: Forgetting to white balance the camera, resulting in an unflattering color cast.
• Mistake: Not checking the audio levels before recording, resulting in a poor quality audio.
• Mistake: Not using a teleprompter or a script, resulting in a disjointed and unprofessional delivery.
• Mistake: Not checking the lighting setup before recording, resulting in harsh shadows and unflattering lighting.

Broadcast Exam / Newsroom Assessment Tips

• Typical skill tests: Writing a 30-second reader, structuring a 90-second package, setting up a three-point lighting interview, and recording a clean voice-over.
• Tricky distinctions: Understanding the difference between a package and a VOSOT, knowing when to use a gain vs iris, and understanding the different mic patterns (e.g., cardioid vs shotgun).
• What assessors look for: Clarity, concision, and professionalism in the delivery, as well as attention to detail and technical skills.

Quick Practice Scenario

You arrive at a protest and only have 20 minutes before the live cross. What do you shoot first?

Answer: You shoot a stand-up to establish your presence and provide context for the story. You also shoot some B-roll footage of the protest to add visual interest and context.

Broadcast rationale: A stand-up is essential for establishing your authority and providing context for the story. It's also a great way to transition into the live cross and provide a clear and concise summary of the story.

Last-Minute Cram Sheet

• Must-know terms: VOSOT, package, stand-up, nat sound, B-roll, voice-over, soundbite, lower third, live shot.
• Camera settings: White balance, exposure, focus, and framing.
• Script formatting rules: 12-point font, double-spaced, and clear headings.
• Common pitfalls: Reading a print article on air without rewriting it, forgetting to white balance the camera, and not checking the audio levels before recording.
• On-air traps: Using a low-quality microphone, forgetting to check the lighting setup, and not using a teleprompter or a script.