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Study Guide: UK K12 GCSE/A-Level: Year 2 KS1 Mathematics - Addition and Subtraction, 2-Digit Numbers
Source: https://www.fatskills.com/key-stage-1-ks1/chapter/uk-k12-gcse-a-level-year-2-ks1-mathematics-addition-and-subtraction-2-digit-numbers

UK K12 GCSE/A-Level: Year 2 KS1 Mathematics - Addition and Subtraction, 2-Digit Numbers

By Fatskills Exam Guides Team — the exam nerds behind 28,500+ quizzes and 2.1M practice questions across 500+ global exams.

⏱️ ~5 min read

Learning objectives

By the end of this topic, students will be able to: - Add and subtract 2-digit numbers using mental and written methods. - Use number lines and counting blocks to support calculations. - Apply addition and subtraction facts to solve simple problems. - Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of place value in 2-digit numbers. - Begin to develop fluency with basic addition and subtraction facts within 20.

Core concepts

In this topic, students will learn about the basic concepts of addition and subtraction with 2-digit numbers. They will understand that a 2-digit number is made up of a tens digit and a ones digit. For example, the number 45 is made up of 4 tens and 5 ones.

When adding or subtracting 2-digit numbers, students will need to consider the place value of each digit. For example, when adding 45 and 27, students will need to add the tens digits (4 + 2 = 6) and then add the ones digits (5 + 7 = 12).

Students will also learn how to use number lines and counting blocks to support their calculations. A number line is a visual representation of numbers in order, and counting blocks are physical blocks that can be used to represent numbers. For example, a student might use counting blocks to represent the number 45 by using 4 tens blocks and 5 ones blocks.

Worked examples

Example 1: Adding 2-digit numbers

Sarah has 45 pencils in her pencil case. Her friend gives her 27 more pencils. How many pencils does Sarah have now?

Let's use counting blocks to help us solve this problem. We can represent the number 45 by using 4 tens blocks and 5 ones blocks. We can then add 27 more pencils by using 2 tens blocks and 7 ones blocks.

Now, let's count the total number of pencils. We can start by counting the tens blocks: 4 + 2 = 6. Then, we can count the ones blocks: 5 + 7 = 12. So, Sarah now has 6 tens blocks and 12 ones blocks, which is equal to 67 pencils.

Example 2: Subtracting 2-digit numbers

Tom has 75 marbles in his jar. He gives 27 marbles to his brother. How many marbles does Tom have left?

Let's use a number line to help us solve this problem. We can start at the number 75 and count back 27 numbers. We can use counting blocks to help us count: 75, 74, 73, 72, 71, 70, 69, 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45.

We can see that Tom has 48 marbles left.

Common misconceptions

One common misconception is that students think that when adding or subtracting 2-digit numbers, they need to add or subtract the numbers in the ones place first and then add or subtract the numbers in the tens place. For example, when adding 45 and 27, students might think that they need to add 5 + 7 = 12 and then add 4 + 2 = 6. However, this is incorrect, and students need to add the tens digits first and then add the ones digits.

Another common misconception is that students think that when subtracting 2-digit numbers, they need to count back the same number of units as the number being subtracted. For example, when subtracting 27 from 75, students might think that they need to count back 27 units. However, this is incorrect, and students need to count back the correct number of units based on the place value of the digits.

Exam tips

When answering addition and subtraction questions with 2-digit numbers, students should make sure to:

  • Use the correct place value of each digit.
  • Add or subtract the tens digits first and then add or subtract the ones digits.
  • Use counting blocks or number lines to support their calculations.
  • Check their answers by counting the total number of units.

MCQs with explanations

MCQ 1: [F]

What is the result of adding 45 and 27?

A) 72 B) 67 C) 74 D) 85

Correct answer: B) 67

Why the distractors fail:

  • A) 72 is the result of adding 40 + 30, but we need to add 45 + 27.
  • C) 74 is the result of adding 40 + 30 + 4, but we need to add 45 + 27.
  • D) 85 is the result of adding 40 + 40 + 5, but we need to add 45 + 27.

MCQ 2: [H]

What is the result of subtracting 27 from 75?

A) 48 B) 62 C) 85 D) 92

Correct answer: A) 48

Why the distractors fail:

  • B) 62 is the result of subtracting 30 from 75, but we need to subtract 27.
  • C) 85 is the result of adding 30 + 27, but we need to subtract 27.
  • D) 92 is the result of adding 30 + 30 + 32, but we need to subtract 27.

MCQ 3: [F]

What is the result of adding 25 and 15?

A) 40 B) 45 C) 50 D) 60

Correct answer: B) 40

Why the distractors fail:

  • A) 40 is the result of adding 20 + 20, but we need to add 25 + 15.
  • C) 50 is the result of adding 20 + 30, but we need to add 25 + 15.
  • D) 60 is the result of adding 20 + 40, but we need to add 25 + 15.

MCQ 4: [H]

What is the result of subtracting 35 from 67?

A) 32 B) 42 C) 52 D) 62

Correct answer: A) 32

Why the distractors fail:

  • B) 42 is the result of subtracting 30 from 67, but we need to subtract 35.
  • C) 52 is the result of subtracting 30 + 10 from 67, but we need to subtract 35.
  • D) 62 is the result of adding 30 + 35, but we need to subtract 35.

MCQ 5: [F]

What is the result of adding 45 and 10?

A) 55 B) 65 C) 75 D) 85

Correct answer: B) 55

Why the distractors fail:

  • A) 55 is the result of adding 40 + 10 + 5, but we need to add 45 + 10.
  • C) 75 is the result of adding 40 + 30 + 5, but we need to add 45 + 10.
  • D) 85 is the result of adding 40 + 40 + 5, but we need to add 45 + 10.

Short-answer questions

Question 1

Tom has 75 marbles in his jar. He gives 27 marbles to his brother. How many marbles does Tom have left?

Question 2

Sarah has 45 pencils in her pencil case. Her friend gives her 27 more pencils. How many pencils does Sarah have now?

Question 3

What is the result of adding 25 and 15?

Question 4

What is the result of subtracting 35 from 67?

Question 5

What is the result of adding 45 and 10?