A man presents with heart failure. His BUN, and creatinine are elevated/ 1. What explains these lab results? 2. Why does BUN-Creatinine ratio rise in this sort of situation?

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Use the mnemonic, A WET BED: A) maintenance of ACID-base balance; W) maintenance of WATER balance; E) balance of ELECTROLYTES; T) removal of TOXINS; B) control of BLOOD pressure; E) production of ERYTHROPOIETIN; and D) metabolism of vitamin D.


1. A man presents with heart failure. His BUN, and creatinine are elevated/ 1. What explains these lab results? 2. Why does BUN-Creatinine ratio rise in this sort of situation?