1. You have responded to a 'man down' call one winter morning. Upon arrival, you find an elderly male patient lying parallel to the sidewalk, in a bank of shoveled snow. It appears as if the man was walking and either tripped or fell into the snowbank. The patient is in cardiac arrest. In this scenario, which finding would NOT be considered a presumptive sign of death?

2. A male EMT was discussing a patient's medical condition with a female EMT from a different service. The woman then repeated this information to others, which eventually made its way back to the patient. Regarding issues of confidentiality, which of the statements would be is true?

3. You have been asked to review a legal case in which a patient intentionally overdosed on heroin and then died after EMS responders arrived. Those responders did not have a bag-valve mask to ventilate the nonbreathing patient, so the patient was not ventilated until a second EMS unit arrived. The evidence indicates that the EMT and paramedics both signed their morning equipment check indicating that they had inspected the ambulance and had all the necessary equipment to do their job. In this case, you would realize:

4. An alert and oriented patient complaining of a severe headache is refusing all treatment as well as transport by the EMTs. After having signed the refusal, the patient suddenly seizes and becomes unresponsive prior to EMS providers leaving the home. The EMT should:

5. In a community park near his home, a 10-year-old boy has fallen from the top of a slide. His right wrist is deformed and he is in pain. He states that he lives with his mother and she is working. He does not know her work number. The EMT's best action would be to:

6. In any situation in which a question arises regarding the scope or direction of care the EMT should provide to a patient, the EMT should:

7. You have been called to a local emergency department to transfer a 67-year-old male to another facility. At the hospital, the emergency physician informs you that the patient and his family have requested the transfer because his doctor is affiliated with the other hospital. At the patient's bedside, you see that the patient is receiving an antibiotic through an IV. Although your state does allow EMTs to perform nonemergent transports of patients receiving normal saline through an IV, it does not allow transport of patients receiving IV medications. When informed of this restriction, the physician states that the antibiotic will be done in 10 minutes and that he will give written permission to start the transport while the medication is infusing. Which EMT action would be most appropriate at this time?

8. You are by the side of a female patient who has overdosed on a drug. She is conscious but very combative and noncompliant with your requests. Which statement made by the EMT best suggests the EMT is committing assault?

9. Which action best illustrates an EMT upholding a high ethical standard?

10. A 77-year-old female is unresponsive, but breathing and with a pulse. On scene, a family member hands you an official document stating that the patient does not want feeding tubes, ventilators, or other long-term life support equipment to keep her alive. There is no mention of whether to administer lifesaving drugs or withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The EMT would recognize this document as a(n):

11. You have been called to transfer a trauma patient from a rural hospital emergency department to the emergency department of a large urban medical center. Which action will best decrease your chance of becoming involved in an EMTALA violation?

12. A local politician has been involved in a motor vehicle collision. Witnesses state that they saw this man leave a bar, and repeatedly stumbled until he got to his vehicle. Then, just two miles down the road, he struck a utility pole head on. On scene and throughout transport, the patient is confused and combative. When you are leaving the hospital, a reporter asks you what happened. You state that it looks as though the politician may be drunk, but you are not sure. Your statement is printed in the newspaper. Later, it is determined that the man was not drunk, but rather has diabetes and had low blood sugar at the time of the accident. Which charge could the politician levy against you?

13. While off duty, an EMT happens upon the scene of a motor vehicle collision in which a car rolled over the side of an embankment. A young man has been seriously injured; he appears unresponsive, and is bleeding from the head and face. The EMT is alone with his infant baby daughter in the car and cannot leave her to provide help. Therefore, the EMT alerts 911 of the emergency and remains in his car with his daughter until EMS arrives. Later in the week, he finds out that the patient died. Which statement is true regarding this incident?

14. The highest priority for the EMT working on a patient when approaching the scene of a crime is:

15. Which patient may be treated under the guideline of implied consent?

16. You have been called to a home for an alert and oriented female with terminal lung cancer. At the home, the daughter, who has her mother's durable power of attorney, states that she wants her mother transported to the hospital. The patient, who is alert and oriented, does not want to go. Which statement indicates that the EMT is acting both appropriately and legally in this conflict?

17. An intoxicated 72-year-old male with an alcoholic history has fallen at home and has a laceration on the back of his head. He states that he does not want treatment and becomes combative when you try to talk to or assess him. What is your next best course of action?

18. The EMT gains the greatest protection from consent-related legal issues by:

19. EMTs can administer drugs in your new state of residence, you should review the:

20. You are an off-duty EMT and have come across a motor vehicle collision. A car has crashed head-on into a utility pole. There is moderate damage to the vehicle and the driver is walking about the scene. You stop and assess the patient. He has a large bruise on his arm and is complaining of abdominal pain where the seat belt contacted his body. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) are on scene, and a responding ambulance has a 2-minute ETA. At this point, you realize that:

21. A state's Good Samaritan law would NOT protect the health care provider(s) in which of these situations?

22. For negligence to be proven, what must be present?

23. A 62-year-old male is short of breath. The EMT asks the patient if it would be okay to assess him, including taking his vital signs. The patient agrees by nodding the head 'yes.' As such, which is true?

24. The EMT shows understanding of the standard of care when he states:

25. A patient's spouse, who is a doctor, states that an EMT is negligent because he put his wife on low-concentration oxygen when she should have gotten high-concentration oxygen. The patient was having chest pain that was later determined to be caused by anxiety. She was released from the emergency department later in the day. Which statement is true?