1. You have responded to a 'man down' call one winter morning. Upon arrival, you find an elderly male patient lying parallel to the sidewalk, in a bank of shoveled snow. It appears as if the man was walking and either tripped or fell into the snowbank. The patient is in cardiac arrest. In this scenario, which finding would NOT be considered a presumptive sign of death?

2. In any situation in which a question arises regarding the scope or direction of care the EMT should provide to a patient, the EMT should:

3. An adult patient with the capacity to make his own decisions has cardiac-type chest pain and is refusing all treatment. What would be the EMT's most appropriate response?

4. Which of these actions constitutes a breach of the EMT's duty, placing him or her at risk for the charge of negligence?

5. A pregnant woman is choking inside a local restaurant. Who has the most compelling legal duty to act?

6. You are approached by a college student who states that his college is working with a physician on a project that examines the types of violent trauma occurring within your jurisdiction. He then asks you if he may see copies of all patient care reports that involved patients who were either stabbed or shot. Who would be the best person to contact regarding this request?

7. You are pulling into the ambulance bay at a local hospital. On board, you have a patient with behavioral problems who continually seeks treatment at this particular hospital. Before the patient can be unloaded, the physician comes out and states that the patient must be taken to another hospital. As an EMT, you should:

8. You have extricated a male patient who was entrapped in a rollover car wreck. During your immediate on-scene management, you removed the patient's clothing and started CPR. During this time, a police officer retrieved the driver's license from the patient's pants and advises you that he is an organ donor. Given this information, which statement is true?

9. The EMT recognizes that the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) limits the EMT's ability to:

10. A young male patient has suffered a gunshot wound to the head. Realizing that there is little chance for survival, the EMT notes that the patient is a potential organ donor. The patient is unresponsive and breathing 4 times per minute on scene. The EMT initiates positive-pressure ventilation. En route to the hospital, the patient stops breathing and loses a pulse. Since the patient is a potential organ donor, the EMT should:

11. What is the primary difference between ethics and morals?

12. The EMT shows understanding of the standard of care when he states:

13. A state's Good Samaritan law would NOT protect the health care provider(s) in which of these situations?

14. A patient's spouse, who is a doctor, states that an EMT is negligent because he put his wife on low-concentration oxygen when she should have gotten high-concentration oxygen. The patient was having chest pain that was later determined to be caused by anxiety. She was released from the emergency department later in the day. Which statement is true?

15. A homeless patient is sick and is refusing transport. The patient is alert and clearly has the capacity to understand her situation and make a rational decision, but the temperature tonight will be near zero. The EMT picks up the patient and puts her on the cot. The patient continues to refuse to allow treatment and transport, despite the EMT's explanation that it will be warm in the hospital and she will be fed. The patient is transported. What could the EMT be charged with?

16. What action best indicates that informed consent has been obtained?

17. EMTs can administer drugs in your new state of residence, you should review the:

18. A 77-year-old female is unresponsive, but breathing and with a pulse. On scene, a family member hands you an official document stating that the patient does not want feeding tubes, ventilators, or other long-term life support equipment to keep her alive. There is no mention of whether to administer lifesaving drugs or withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The EMT would recognize this document as a(n):

19. Your best protection when an alert and oriented patient with the capacity to make rational decisions refuses EMS care or transport is to:

20. A 62-year-old male is short of breath. The EMT asks the patient if it would be okay to assess him, including taking his vital signs. The patient agrees by nodding the head 'yes.' As such, which is true?

21. Your legal right to function as an EMT is contingent upon:

22. You have been called to transfer a trauma patient from a rural hospital emergency department to the emergency department of a large urban medical center. Which action will best decrease your chance of becoming involved in an EMTALA violation?

23. While transferring a patient from her house to the ambulance on the wheeled cot, one of the EMTs slips on a patch of ice and falls. The stretcher overturns, and the patient suffers a broken wrist as a result. She files a lawsuit in civil court alleging negligence. For the patient, what will be the most difficult component of negligence to prove?

24. An intoxicated 72-year-old male with an alcoholic history has fallen at home and has a laceration on the back of his head. He states that he does not want treatment and becomes combative when you try to talk to or assess him. What is your next best course of action?

25. Which patient may be treated under the guideline of implied consent?