1. You have been dispatched to a residence for an 88-year-old female who is in and out of consciousness. The family provides you with a valid 'Do Not Resuscitate' (DNR) order. Assessment of the patient shows her to be very confused with a low blood pressure and low oxygen level. Which action would be appropriate given the situation?

2. In which situation would the Good Samaritan law protect the EMT?

3. For negligence to be proven, what must be present?

4. A pregnant woman is choking inside a local restaurant. Who has the most compelling legal duty to act?

5. While transferring a patient from her house to the ambulance on the wheeled cot, one of the EMTs slips on a patch of ice and falls. The stretcher overturns, and the patient suffers a broken wrist as a result. She files a lawsuit in civil court alleging negligence. For the patient, what will be the most difficult component of negligence to prove?

6. You have extricated a male patient who was entrapped in a rollover car wreck. During your immediate on-scene management, you removed the patient's clothing and started CPR. During this time, a police officer retrieved the driver's license from the patient's pants and advises you that he is an organ donor. Given this information, which statement is true?

7. A young male patient has suffered a gunshot wound to the head. Realizing that there is little chance for survival, the EMT notes that the patient is a potential organ donor. The patient is unresponsive and breathing 4 times per minute on scene. The EMT initiates positive-pressure ventilation. En route to the hospital, the patient stops breathing and loses a pulse. Since the patient is a potential organ donor, the EMT should:

8. What is the primary difference between the EMT's scope of practice and the EMT's standard of care?

9. You have arrived at the emergency department with a patient complaining of nausea. The department is extremely busy and you are waiting to give a verbal report to the nurse or doctor. While waiting, dispatch contacts you over the radio and states that you are needed for a critically injured child that was hit by a car. Your best action would be to:

10. A 22-year-old female has been sexually assaulted and taken to the emergency department. With regard to the release of confidential medical information, which individual would most likely be allowed to receive information related to the patient's injuries without her consent?

11. Your best protection when an alert and oriented patient with the capacity to make rational decisions refuses EMS care or transport is to:

12. You are approached by a college student who states that his college is working with a physician on a project that examines the types of violent trauma occurring within your jurisdiction. He then asks you if he may see copies of all patient care reports that involved patients who were either stabbed or shot. Who would be the best person to contact regarding this request?

13. Your EMS station has been designated a Baby Safe-Haven. As such, you know that:

14. You are by the side of a female patient who has overdosed on a drug. She is conscious but very combative and noncompliant with your requests. Which statement made by the EMT best suggests the EMT is committing assault?

15. You have been called to a home for an alert and oriented female with terminal lung cancer. At the home, the daughter, who has her mother's durable power of attorney, states that she wants her mother transported to the hospital. The patient, who is alert and oriented, does not want to go. Which statement indicates that the EMT is acting both appropriately and legally in this conflict?

16. What action best indicates that informed consent has been obtained?

17. A paramedic was late in reregistering and now, according to the state EMS agency, must function as an EMT until all of the reregistration requirements are satisfied. As an EMT, she is on the scene of a motor vehicle accident and taking care of a critically injured teenager. While waiting for a paramedic to arrive, she starts an IV, but does not hang the IV fluid that will be used to help stabilize the patient. This is immediately done by a paramedic once he arrives. As such, which of these is true?

18. You have been dispatched for a 15-year-old female with a headache. On scene, you find the patient holding her 6-month-old son in her arms. This young mother states that she has had a migraine headache for two days and would like to be transported to the hospital for further evaluation. As an EMT, you should:

19. The EMT gains the greatest protection from consent-related legal issues by:

20. Despite a patient's protest that he does not want his blood pressure taken, the EMT places a BP cuff on his arm and takes his blood pressure. The EMT states: 'See? It is just as I suspected– your blood pressure is sky high. You really need to be seen in the emergency department.' The patient states he did not realize that his blood pressure was that high. In terms of battery, which statement is true?

21. A patient who has the capacity to make rational decisions, although he is dizzy, complains of a headache, and then vomits, declines your care and will not sign the refusal of care form. What is your best action?

22. Regarding an EMT's duty to act, the relationship between an EMT and a patient starts:

23. What is the primary difference between ethics and morals?

24. There has been a very serious motor vehicle collision involving a high-profile judge seeking reelection. The judge's car was traveling at a high rate of speed and crossed the center line, striking and killing a motorcyclist. Newspaper reporters are on location, asking you to describe what happened. Which statement is most appropriate?

25. You have responded to a 'man down' call one winter morning. Upon arrival, you find an elderly male patient lying parallel to the sidewalk, in a bank of shoveled snow. It appears as if the man was walking and either tripped or fell into the snowbank. The patient is in cardiac arrest. In this scenario, which finding would NOT be considered a presumptive sign of death?