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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Cardiovascular Emergencies
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Here are some cardiovascular emergencies that EMTs may encounter: Cardiac arrest: When the heart stops pumping blood, leading to loss of consciousness and normal breathing. This can be marked by sudden collapse, absence of pulse, and cessation of breathing. Defibrillation: An electrical shock that restores a normal heart rhythm in someone experiencing cardiac arrest. Bradycardia: A heart rate below 60 beats per minute. Symptomatic bradycardia can include dizziness, feeling faint upon standing, shortness of breath, and a low heart rate. Tachycardia: A heart rate above 100 beats per... Show more
Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Cardiovascular Emergencies
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25 Questions

1. A patient complains of chest pain that radiates into his neck and arms. The primary assessment reveals a patent airway, adequate breathing, and a strong, regular radial pulse. The patient's skin is warm and dry, and reveals no signs of inadequate perfusion. What should you do next?
2. A patient with chest pain and shortness of breath informs you that the last time he had a heart attack, he went into heart failure. When performing your secondary assessment, which sign or symptom is most indicative that the patient is in heart failure again?
3. Dysfunction of the heart's electrical conduction cells from ischemia or infarction may cause:
4. A TV reporter has been assigned to your ambulance for a ride-along. He is doing a segment on the local EMS system for EMS Week. In your down time, the reporter tells you that his wife was diagnosed with atherosclerosis. He is unsure what this condition is and asks you to explain it to him. Your response would be:
5. A 44-year-old male patient is experiencing chest pain. He has a history of angina and is prescribed nitroglycerin, which he has not taken yet. He is also taking another medication. Which of these medications is a contraindication to the administration of nitroglycerin?
6. Which of these statements regarding cardiac compromise or acute coronary syndrome should the EMT recognize as true?
7. A patient has called 911 for chest pain that he describes as 'tearing' and radiating between his shoulders. His airway is patent, breathing accelerated but adequate, and radial pulse intact. Your partner reports the following vital signs: pulse, 120; respirations, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 88/64 mmHg; and SpO2, 96% on room air. At this time, you should:
8. Which of these therapies is the best option for definitively treating a known myocardial infarction (AMI)?
9. When administering oxygen to a patient with chest pain, which of these should be used a guide to its use and maintenance?
10. Chronic and untreated hypertension will affect which part of the heart first?
11. A 71-year-old male patient with a cardiac history and lower abdominal and back pain has called 911 for help. On scene, you detect a large pulsatile mass in his abdomen. With the exception of skin that is diaphoretic, the primary assessment indicates no life threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. The patient has a history of hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes, and is allergic to sulfa-based medications. Vital signs are pulse, 92/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 130/66 mmHg; and SpO2, 95% on room air. Which of these statements made by the patient would make you intervene immediately?
12. What are the protein strands that strengthen a clot called?
13. The EMT shows she is correctly administering aspirin to a patient with chest pain when she provides:
14. Which of these statements made by the EMT indicates a safe understanding of the administration of nitroglycerin in the prehospital setting?
15. You have arrived at a residence to help another crew with a 62-year-old woman who is complaining of fatigue, chest discomfort, and diaphoresis. The EMTs on scene report that she has a history of hypertension from atherosclerosis, for which she takes a blood pressure pill, and is also prescribed nitroglycerin. She reports an allergy to aspirin. Vital signs are pulse, 64; respirations, 16 breaths/min; blood pressure, 128/86 mmHg; and SpO2, 97% on room air. Which of these statements made by your EMT partner would require immediate correction on your part?
16. You have been called to an office building for a 47-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain. He is alert, oriented, and complaining of mild pain in his chest that came on suddenly about 15 minutes ago. Airway, breathing, and circulation are intact, and his skin is diaphoretic and cool. What should you do first?
17. The EMT shows that she understands the difference between classic angina and an acute myocardial infarction (MI) when she states:
18. A paramedic administers a medication to decrease the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart. In response to this treatment, the EMT would expect which vital sign change?
19. The pathophysiology of heart failure that causes the common signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock is:
20. You are assessing a patient in heart failure. Which sign or symptom seemingly indicates that the left ventricle is the cause of the heart failure?
21. You suspect that a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is has right ventricular failure. In your assessment, which finding would reinforce this suspicion?
22. When treating a patient with chest discomfort, the EMT's primary goal is to:
23. The EMT should most suspect a patient has angina when he takes which medication?
24. A patient informs you that he has a history of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. To best assess the status of this condition, you should:
25. Prior to administering nitroglycerin to a patient with chest pain, the EMT must ensure that:

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