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Protein Synthesis & Gene Mutations Review
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Protein Synthesis & Gene Mutations Review
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25 Questions

1. mutation that does not result in a change to the amino acid sequence of a protein; also called neutral
Image: silent mutation

2. to make
Image: synthesis

3. nucleus
Image: location of transcription in eukaryotes

4. change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

5. nitrogenous base specific to RNA in place of thymine (A-U)
Image: uracil

6. three-nucleotide base sequence (triplet) on tRNA that codes for an amino acid
Image: anti-codon

7. process where a part of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of messenger RNA
Image: transcription

8. mutation that shifts the 'reading frame' of the genetic message; includes insertions and deletions
Image: frame-shift mutation

9. decoding of a mRNA sequence into a polypeptide chain / protein
Image: translation

10. can be neutral with no effect, harmful by producing defective proteins/traits, or beneficial by increasing chance of survival

11. the 4-letter code; always use the chart reading the mRNA strand
Image: genetic code (mRNA codon chart)

12. three-nucleotide base sequence (triplet) on DNA and mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
Image: codon

13. specifically designed to build or operate a component of a living cell (ex. human insulin & hemoglobin)
Image: protein

14. a characteristic of an organism that is determined by protein structure & function (ex. hitchhiker's thumb)
Image: trait

15. frame-shift mutation where a nucleotide is deleted from the genetic material
Image: deletion mutation

16. mutation involving change in one nucleotide; example is a substitution
Image: point mutation

17. at the ribosomes
Image: location of translation in ALL cells

18. enzyme that assembles the mRNA complementary strand by joining ribonucleotides
Image: RNA polymerase

19. section of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Image: gene

20. point mutation in which one nitrogeneous base (nucleotide) is changed to another
Image: substitution mutation

21. deoxyribose sugar vs. ribose sugar, thymine vs. uracil , double strand vs. single strand
Image: DNA vs. RNA

22. the DNA strand that is used as the code to 'build' a complementary strand of mRNA
Image: template strand (in transcription)

23. to make a polypeptide (protein) through transcription and translation
Image: protein synthesis

24. monomer, or building block, of a polypeptide (protein)
Image: amino acid

25. type of RNA that transfers the amino acids to the ribosome
Image: transfer RNA (tRNA)

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