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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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Children's cardiovascular anatomy and physiology change rapidly during the first few days after birth, and reach adult levels later in infancy. These differences include: Heart rate: At rest, a baby's heart may beat up to 130 to 150 times a minute, while an adult's heart often beats between 60 and 100 times a minute Cardiac output: Children have higher cardiac output per kilogram than adults Oxygen delivery: Children have higher oxygen consumption than adults Stroke volume: Children have smaller hearts, so their stroke volume is lower than that for adults for the same rate of work  These... Show more
Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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21 Questions

1. A 5-year-old female is found to have hypertension during three separate visits to her primary care provider. The nurse would expect tests to suggest that the hypertension is secondary to:
2. Coarctation of the aorta is the local narrowing of the aorta near the:
3. A newborn child has a murmur and is cyanotic. An echocardiogram reveals that the tricuspid valve failed to develop and so no blood flows between the right atrium and ventricle. This condition is described with the term tricuspid:
4. An 8-week-old infant presents to the pediatrician for a well-baby checkup. Physical exam reveals a murmur, and an echocardiogram confirms a ventricular septal defect. Which genetic disorder is likely to accompany this diagnosis?
5. A newborn develops a murmur and cyanosis shortly after birth. A diagnosis of pulmonic stenosis (PS) is made after an echocardiogram revealed narrowing of the pulmonary:
6. A newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. What symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child?
7. A 1-year-old female with a ventricular septal defect is experiencing left-sided heart failure. Which symptom will most likely occur?
8. A 1-month-old infant visits his primary care provider for a well-baby check. Physical exam reveals decreased cardiac output, hypotension, tachycardia, and a loud murmur suggestive of aortic stenosis. Which condition would be expected with this diagnosis?
9. A newborn experiences frequent periods of cyanosis, usually occurring during crying or after feeding. Which cardiac diagnosis does this history support?
10. A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. What is the most likely cause of Kawasaki disease?
11. A newborn experiences frequent periods of cyanosis, usually occurring during crying or after feeding. Which cardiac diagnosis does this history support?
12. An infant undergoes an echocardiogram for a suspected heart defect. Tests reveal an opening in the middle of the atrial septum. What term would the nurse use to describe this defect?
13. A newborn is suspected of having coarctation of the aorta. Which of the following assessments would aid in diagnosis?
14. A 2-week-old infant who presents with poor feeding, fatigue, dyspnea, and a murmur is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This condition results in a(n):
15. Intrauterine exposure to which factor could be responsible for a diagnosis of congenital heart disease?
16. A newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. What symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child?
17. An 8-week-old infant’s well-baby check reveals a murmur, and an echocardiogram shows a large ventricular septal defect. If left untreated, what condition could develop?
18. A 1-year-old female with a ventricular septal defect is experiencing left-sided heart failure. Which symptom will most likely occur?
19. What is the most common type of congenital heart defect assessed for in infants?
20. A 1-month-old infant was diagnosed with truncus arteriosus (TA) with a ventricular septal defect. This condition results in:
21. Coarctation of the aorta is the local narrowing of the aorta near the:

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