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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense
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The normal host defense mechanisms against infection include (1) normal skin and mucous membranes, (2) phagocytic system, (3) humoral immunity, and (4) cellular immunity. The compromised host is an individual who has one or more defects in these defense mechanisms. (Source: NIH.gov)

Pathophysiology Practice Test: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense
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25 Questions

1. When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity, what is the immunologist explaining? Infectivity allows pathogens to:
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS?
3. When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:
4. In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for:
5. After studying about fungi, which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:
6. A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:
7. When the immunologist says that pathogens possess virulence, what does virulence mean?
8. A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:
9. A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?
10. When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:
11. A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond? The antigen is:
12. When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
13. A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?
14. A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus?
15. The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n):
16. A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
17. An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant’s history and physical?
18. An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production. Which information should the immunologist include? Endotoxins are produced by:
19. A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE. Which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease?
20. Which information indicates a good understanding of bacterial vaccines? Most bacterial vaccines contain:
21. What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?
22. A nurse recalls bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:
23. A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons’ cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing?
24. A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which symptoms are a result of a type II hypersensitivity?
25. When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient’s body.

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