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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense
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The normal host defense mechanisms against infection include (1) normal skin and mucous membranes, (2) phagocytic system, (3) humoral immunity, and (4) cellular immunity. The compromised host is an individual who has one or more defects in these defense mechanisms. (Source: NIH.gov)

Pathophysiology Practice Test: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense
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25 Questions

1. A patient presents with poison ivy on the extremities, face, and buttocks after an initial exposure 48 hours ago. This condition is an example of:
2. A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the following blood type transfusion type matches would cause this?
3. Which information indicates a good understanding of bacterial vaccines? Most bacterial vaccines contain:
4. What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?
5. Which information indicates a correct understanding of viral vaccines? Most viral vaccines contain:
6. Which information would indicate more teaching is needed regarding hypersensitivity reactions? Type _______ hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response.
7. A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?
8. When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
9. A nurse recalls bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:
10. A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which symptoms are a result of a type II hypersensitivity?
11. A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:
12. An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production. Which information should the immunologist include? Endotoxins are produced by:
13. A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?
14. A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond? The antigen is:
15. When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:
16. When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?
17. When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity, what is the immunologist explaining? Infectivity allows pathogens to:
18. When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient’s body.
19. In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for:
20. A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
21. The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n):
22. After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses:
23. When the immunologist says that pathogens possess virulence, what does virulence mean?
24. A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus?
25. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS?

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