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Thermodynamics Practice Test: Available Energy, Availability and Irreversibility
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Available Energy, Availability and Irreversibility topics include: Reversible process, energy quality, useful work, availability, gouy stondola theorem, second law efficiency and comments on exergy. Availability and irreversibility are two key concepts in thermodynamics. Availability is the maximum amount of useful work that can be obtained from a system. It is also known as exergy.  Irreversibility is the inevitable loss of energy that occurs during a thermodynamic process. It is also known as energy destruction.  Irreversible processes lead to a decrease in the availability of energy.... Show more
Thermodynamics Practice Test: Available Energy, Availability and Irreversibility
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25 Questions

1. The available energy is known as ____ and the unavailable energy is known as ____
2. An insulated cylinder fitted with a piston contains 0.1 kg of water at 100°C and 90% quality. The piston is moved, compressing the water till it reaches a pressure of 1.2 MPa. How much work is required in the process?
3. A thermodynamically efficient process would involve ____ exergy loss with ____ rate of entropy generation.
4. The decrease in availability or lost work is proportional to
5. Which of the following is mostly neglected while doing calculations for finding maximum work?
6. For a power plant, second law efficiency can be given by desired output(W) / available energy(Wmax).
7. A steady stream of R-22 at ambient temperature, 10°C, and at 750 kPa enters a solar collector. The stream exits at 80°C, 700 kPa. Calculate the change in availability of the R-22 between these two states.
8. R-12 at 30°C, 0.75 MPa enters a steady flow device and exits at 30°C, 100 kPa. Assuming the process to be isothermal and reversible, find the change in availability of the refrigerant.
9. When the closed system is allowed to undergo a spontaneous change from a given state to a dead state, its exergy is ____ destroyed ____ producing useful work.
10. A constant pressure piston/cylinder contains 2 kg of water at 5 MPa and 100°C. Heat is added from a reservoir at 700°C to the water until it reaches 700°C. Find the total irreversibility in the process.
11. The available energy of a system ___ as its temperature or pressure decreases and approaches that of the surroundings.
12. A steam turbine receives steam at 6 MPa, 800°C. It has a heat loss of 49.7 kJ/kg and an isentropic efficiency of 90%. For an exit pressure of 15 kPa and surroundings at 20°C, find the actual work.
13. The complete conversion of heat into shaft-work is impossible.
14. Irreversibility(I) is also called
15. Which of the following is true?
16. A rock bed(at 70°C) consists of 6000 kg granite. A house with mass of 12000 kg wood and 1000 kg iron is at 15°C. They are brought to a uniform final temperature. Find the irreversibility of the process, assuming an ambient temperature of 15°C.
17. A heat exchanger increases the availability of 3 kg/s water by 1650 kJ/kg by using 10 kg/s air which comes in at 1400 K and leaves with 600 kJ/kg less availability. What is the irreversibility?
18. Availability is a composite property.
19. For an isolated system, the exergy balance gives
20. Availability function for a closed system is given by
21. A piston/cylinder of total 1kg steel contains 0.5 kg ammonia at 1600 kPa both masses at 120°C with minimum volume being 0.02 m3. The whole system is cooled down to 30°C by heat transfer to the ambient at 20°C, and during the process the steel keeps same temperature as the ammonia. Find the work.
22. A piston-cylinder assembly has 1kg of R-134a at state 1 with 600 kPa, 110°C, and is then brought to saturated vapour, state 2, by cooling. The cooling continues to state 3 where the R-134a is saturated liquid. Find the work in each of the two steps, 1 to 2 and 2 to 3.
23. Find the specific reversible work for a R-134a compressor with inlet state of –20°C, 100 kPa and an exit state of 600 kPa, 50°C. Use a 25°C ambient temperature.
24. 1kg of ammonia in a piston/cylinder at 50°C, 1000 kPa is expanded in a reversible adiabatic process to 100 kPa. Find the work for this process.
25. During the winter season, a room is heated by central heating furnace which delivers the 750 W of heat energy by burning wood pellets. How much power can be saved if heat pump with a COP of 3 is used instead of furnace?

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