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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions
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Emergency medical services (EMTs) respond to allergic reactions by laying the person flat, giving them an adrenaline injector, calling an ambulance, and calling family or emergency contact. The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is an epinephrine auto-injector, which is a self-injectable medication. The auto-injector has instructions on the side of its packaging.  Anaphylaxis is a sudden, severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. It involves more than one body system and can cause the airway to swell and close, making breathing difficult or impossible. Symptoms... Show more
Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions
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25 Questions

1. Regarding the pathophysiology underlying anaphylaxis, which of these statements is true?
2. Prior to assisting a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector, the EMT must ensure that:
3. What is the most common cause of an allergic reaction in which the antigen was ingested?
4. A football player in full uniform has been stung by a bee. Your assessment reveals him to be confused with stridorous respirations and weak radial pulses. His skin is warm and flushed and covered with hives. Vital signs are pulse, 164; respirations, 28 breaths/min; blood pressure, 74/58 mmHg; and SpO2, 87%. The coach notifies you that the patient is allergic to bees and hands you the patient's epinephrine pen. Your next action would be to:
5. On scene, you assisted a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector after he was stung multiple times by bees. You are now transporting the patient to the hospital. As you reassess the patient, which of these findings would best indicate that the epinephrine is benefiting the patient?
6. You are responding to a call for an allergic reaction. Your partner is a new EMT and this is his first call. When prepping him on how the scene and the patient may present, which instruction regarding the assessment and treatment of an allergic reaction and/or anaphylaxis would be correct?
7. Which of these assessment findings would indicate that the patient is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction after a bee sting and requires immediate intervention?
8. You are called to an outpatient surgery center for a patient who developed an allergic reaction while receiving an intravenous (IV) antibiotic. How would you would document the route of exposure?
9. When reassessing a patient whom you are treating for an anaphylactic reaction, which of these findings would be of the greatest concern?
10. Which of these statements is true regarding both anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions?
11. What is the most severe form of an allergic reaction called?
12. The EMT exhibits an understanding of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis when she makes which of these statements?
13. What is the primary difference between an anaphylactic reaction and an anaphylactoid reaction?
14. A panicked and anxious patient tells you that he is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally eaten some. He states that the last time he ate peanuts he almost died and needed to have a 'tube put in his throat.' When assessing this patient, which of these signs or symptoms would provide the best evidence that the patient is having an allergic, and possibly an early anaphylactic, reaction?
15. Why would the patient experiencing an allergic reaction tell you that it is easier to breathe following administration of epinephrine?
16. During the primary assessment, which of these findings would most lead the EMT to suspect an allergic reaction?
17. A patient who is severely short of breath and covered with hives states that she is allergic to crab. Despite her allergy, she tried some crab dip 10 minutes ago, since it had been 'years and years' since she had her last allergic reaction. Which question should the EMT ask first?
18. If signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis occur rapidly in a patient, the EMT must realize that:
19. You are providing a continuing education session for your EMS department regarding anaphylaxis, as you have just returned from a national conference at which current issues related to this pathology were discussed. During your session, one of your fellow EMS providers asks you how the body can 'suddenly' become allergic to something. What is your best response?
20. How should an EMT assist a patient in taking his epinephrine auto-injector?
21. Which of these statements indicates that the EMT understands airway management in a patient suffering from anaphylaxis?
22. Five minutes after assisting a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector, you determine that the patient is getting progressively worse. The patient has a second auto-injector available; however, written protocols do not address the administration of a second dose. What is the priority action the EMT should take at this time?
23. You have just assisted a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector. The patient states that he has never taken epinephrine before. What would be the appropriate EMT response about how the drug may make him feel?
24. A patient with an allergy to bees and a prescribed EpiPen was working in the garden when she noted swelling to the right side of her face. Assessment reveals swelling that is red and hot to the right cheek area. Her airway is patent, respirations easy and adequate, and radial pulse strong. Her vital signs are pulse, 76; respirations, 16 breaths/min; blood pressure, 156/62 mmHg; and SpO2, 99%. What should be the EMT's action at this time?
25. You have been called to a residence for a female patient who awoke with swollen lips and a rash to her arms and abdomen. In addition, she exhibits a mild expiratory wheeze in all lung fields. She called her doctor, who advised her to take some Benadryl and call 911 for emergency care. How will the Benadryl, acting as an antihistamine, benefit this patient?

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