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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions
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Emergency medical services (EMTs) respond to allergic reactions by laying the person flat, giving them an adrenaline injector, calling an ambulance, and calling family or emergency contact. The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is an epinephrine auto-injector, which is a self-injectable medication. The auto-injector has instructions on the side of its packaging.  Anaphylaxis is a sudden, severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. It involves more than one body system and can cause the airway to swell and close, making breathing difficult or impossible. Symptoms... Show more
Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions
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25 Questions

1. Which of these statements indicates that the EMT understands airway management in a patient suffering from anaphylaxis?
2. In which of these situations would the EMT contact medical direction prior to administering epinephrine to a patient who is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?
3. Which of these assessment findings would indicate that the patient is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction after a bee sting and requires immediate intervention?
4. A patient informs you that whenever she is exposed to a particular soap, she experiences a mild allergic reaction. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize that:
5. You are called to an outpatient surgery center for a patient who developed an allergic reaction while receiving an intravenous (IV) antibiotic. How would you would document the route of exposure?
6. Within the body, the release of histamine causes dilation of the:
7. You have been called to a kindergarten class for a 5-year-old boy who is allergic to peanuts. He ate some peanuts in the form of a birthday treat brought to school by a classmate who is celebrating a birthday. From the door of the classroom, you note the patient to have swollen lips and hives to his face and arms. The patient also looks unresponsive. As you begin the primary assessment, what should be a priority action?
8. A patient informs you that he found out he is allergic to certain molds and was prescribed an epinephrine auto-injector. He asks you how the epinephrine will help him the next time he is exposed to mold. Your response would be:
9. Regarding the pathophysiology underlying anaphylaxis, which of these statements is true?
10. After you assist a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector, which of these statements made by the patient best indicates that the epinephrine is working and the patient is improving?
11. You have assisted an adult patient with his epinephrine auto-injector. When giving a report to the emergency department nurse, you should inform her that which dose of epinephrine was administered?
12. You have been called for a male patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction. The patient is very confused and having great difficulty breathing. He has an epinephrine auto-injector, but your service does not have protocols related to its use. Fortunately, in your EMT class, you learned about and passed a test on the use of an epinephrine auto-injector for allergic reactions. In this case, you should:
13. A patient who is severely short of breath and covered with hives states that she is allergic to crab. Despite her allergy, she tried some crab dip 10 minutes ago, since it had been 'years and years' since she had her last allergic reaction. Which question should the EMT ask first?
14. You are providing a continuing education session for your EMS department regarding anaphylaxis, as you have just returned from a national conference at which current issues related to this pathology were discussed. During your session, one of your fellow EMS providers asks you how the body can 'suddenly' become allergic to something. What is your best response?
15. During the primary assessment, which of these findings would most lead the EMT to suspect an allergic reaction?
16. A patient develops an allergic reaction after taking penicillin. In this case, the penicillin would be recognized by the body as:
17. A patient is covered with hives. He is responsive to painful stimuli but has labored respirations with an inspiratory stridor sound, bilateral wheezing, and a weak and rapid pulse. His vital signs are pulse, 128; respirations, 24 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 80/50 mmHg. Given this presentation, the EMT should suspect that the patient has:
18. What is the most severe form of an allergic reaction called?
19. On scene, you assisted a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector after he was stung multiple times by bees. You are now transporting the patient to the hospital. As you reassess the patient, which of these findings would best indicate that the epinephrine is benefiting the patient?
20. What is the most common cause of an allergic reaction in which the antigen was ingested?
21. You are providing bag-valve-mask ventilations to a patient in anaphylactic shock. There is increasing resistance to ventilation, despite your use of proper ventilation technique. What is the best way to address this situation?
22. Five minutes after assisting a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector, you determine that the patient is getting progressively worse. The patient has a second auto-injector available; however, written protocols do not address the administration of a second dose. What is the priority action the EMT should take at this time?
23. Five minutes after you assist a patient with her epinephrine auto-injector, the patient states that she feels much better and would like to refuse additional care and transport to the hospital. Which of these statements by the EMT would be most appropriate given this situation?
24. For the EMT to achieve the best results when assisting a patient with epinephrine treatment, the medication should be properly injected into:
25. If signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis occur rapidly in a patient, the EMT must realize that:

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