Questions below are based on the following passage on Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter.     Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you... Show more

Questions below are based on the following passage on Nanotechnology:

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter.    
Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries.    
To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms.    
Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration.    
The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon:    
Nanotechnology is the study and use of structures between 1 nanometer (nm) and 100 nanometers in size.    
To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair.    
The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf.    
The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology:    
Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the 1 to 100 nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.    
The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace:    
Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade.    
This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter:    
Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.    

The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world:    
[Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.    

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