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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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Pulmonary function can be altered by a number of factors, including: Obesity: Can cause airway narrowing, reduced ventilatory muscle endurance, and reduced DLCO. Diabetes: Can cause an increase in airway resistance. Respiratory viral infection: Can cause inflammation, increased sensitivity of airway reflexes, and altered regulation of bronchial tone. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A complex disease that affects the lower respiratory system. Anesthesia and operative treatment: Can cause frequent and rapid alterations in respiratory function. Bracing: Can cause a deterioration of... Show more
Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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25 Questions

1. What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion?
2. A 70-year-old hospitalized for a pelvic fracture develops a pulmonary embolism. The nurse realizes this embolus is most commonly composed of:
3. Which is a characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH)?
4. Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)?
5. A 60-year-old with a history of cirrhosis presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as:
6. The patient generally acquires nosocomial pneumonia:
7. A 57-year-old presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume and is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient’s history, which finding is the most probable cause of the illness?
8. A 22-year-old presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration. This condition is most likely caused by:
9. What type of breathing will the nurse observe while assessing a patient experiencing both metabolic acidosis and Kussmaul respirations?
10. A patient’s arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. What is the most likely cause of this situation?
11. Asthma is thought to be caused by:
12. Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most common presenting factor?
13. When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe the coughing up of bloody secretions?
14. A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, “I cannot get enough air.” What term should the nurse use to document this condition?
15. Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect in a patient who has sustained trauma to the lungs and chest wall and is experiencing respiratory failure?
16. A 60-year-old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to:
17. A 30-year-old is diagnosed with emphysema. Changes in this patient’s lungs are caused by:
18. A 50-year-old is diagnosed with lung cancer. The health history includes a 30-year history of smoking, exposure to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation. What had the greatest impact on the development of his cancer?
19. Pneumonia is caused by:
20. A 20-year history of smoking causes airways to be obstructed as a result of:
21. A 50-year-old presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left. Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere. Based upon these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
22. Which organism does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause of empyema?
23. A 15-year-old is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by fibrosis. Which pulmonary function test finding is expected?
24. A nurse is reviewing the results of an arterial blood gas (ABG) and finds reduced oxygenation of arterial blood. What term should the nurse use to describe this condition?
25. What is the most likely cause of chronic bronchitis in a 25-year-old?

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